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投稿时间：2024-07-03 修订日期：2025-02-24
投稿时间：2024-07-03 修订日期：2025-02-24
中文摘要: 针对“海葵”（2311号）、“杜苏芮”（2305号）以及“鲇鱼”（1617号）三个台风登陆福建后引发的特强极端暴雨过程，采用地面自动气象观测站降水、台风最佳路径数据集以及再分析数据等多源资料，选取基于拉格朗日方法的HYSPLIT5.0模型定量分析冷空气和水汽输送路径及其不同源地的水汽贡献率，并对比不同强度冷空气冷暖作用形式和水汽输送对极端降水的影响。结果表明：对流层低层冷空气的强度、路径以及水汽输送作用不同，导致台风极端降水落区和强度不同。“海葵”在源自蒙古国的变性冷空气影响下，极端降水落区沿偏东风呈纬向型分布；“鲇鱼”东路和西路弱冷空气分别源自西西伯利亚的东部和中部地区，冷空气影响下的极端降水落区沿台风倒槽偏向于经向型分布；无冷空气侵入“杜苏芮”外围环流，在台风后部外雨带“列车效应”的持续影响下，极端降水落区沿西南急流呈经向型分布。水汽输送分析显示，“海葵”和“杜苏芮”是源自南海和西太平洋通道的水汽输送占主导作用（水汽贡献率分别为90.4%和100%），降水极端性强；较低的南海和西太平洋通道水汽贡献率（25.5%）是“鲇鱼”降水强度最小的重要原因，但更广的冷空气影响范围造成“鲇鱼”大暴雨区域更大。
中文关键词: 台风登陆，极端降水，冷空气，水汽输送，轨迹示踪
Abstract:Targeting the extremely severe rainstorms caused by three landfall typhoons in Fujian, i.e. Haikui (No.2311), Doksuri (No.2305) and Megi (No.1617), 〖JP2〗and employing the multi-source data including the surface automatic weather station data, the best typhoon track data and the ERA5 and GDAS reanalysis data, as well as the HYSPLIT 5.0 trajectory model which was built by the Lagrangian method, this article quantitatively analyzes the cold air and water vapor transport pathways and their contribution rates from different sources. Besides, the impacts of cold air intensity, warm-cold interaction mechanism and water vapor transport on the extreme rainfall are compared. The results show that variations in cold air inten-sity, pathways and water vapor transport in the lower troposphere led to the differences in the rainfall area and intensity of the typhoon extreme rainfall events. Under the influence of the denatured cold air from Mongolia, the extreme rainfall triggered by Typhoon Haikui exhibited a zonal distribution pattern aligned with the easterly wind. For Typhoon Megi, it had the weak cold airs from the eastern and western pathways originated respectively from the east and central regions of West Siberia. Influenced by the weak cold airs, the extreme rainfall area was distributed along the typhoon inverted trough in the meridional direction. In contrast, there was no cold air invading the peripheral circulation of Typhoon Doksuri, but driven by the persistent “train effect” in the rainband behind the typhoon, extreme rainfall area of “Doksuri” presented a meridional distribution pattern along a southwesterly jet. The analysis on water vapor transport reveals that the water vapor supplies for “Haikui” and “Doksuri” were mainly from the South China Sea and western Pacific channels, with water vapor contribution rates of 90.4% and 100%, respectively, which resulted in the exceptionally intense rainfall events. However, for Typhoon Megi, the low moisture contributions (25.5%) from the South China Sea and western Pacific were the major reasons for the lowest rainfall intensity among the three typhoons, but the much broader cold air influence expanded the affected-area of the extremely heavy rainfall.
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基金项目:福建省科技厅面上项目（2024J011144、2021J01456）和中国气象局复盘总结专项项目（FPZJ2025-061、FPZJ2024-063、FPZJ2024-066）共同资助
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 郑秀丽 | 福州市气象局，福州 350008 中国气象局海峡灾害天气重点开放实验室,福州 350007 |
| 林小红 | 中国气象局海峡灾害天气重点开放实验室,福州 350007 福建省气象局，福州 350007 |
| 关辉 | 民航福建空中交通管理分局，福州 350209 |
| 林昕 | 福州市气象局，福州 350008 |
| 姚林塔 | 福州市气象局，福州 350008 |
| 梁宝元 | 福建省莆田市气象局，莆田 351100 |
引用文本：
郑秀丽,林小红,关辉,林昕,姚林塔,梁宝元,2025.三次不同冷空气过程对登闽台风极端降水影响的对比分析[J].气象,51(6):660-674.
ZHENG Xiuli,LIN Xiaohong,GUAN Hui,LIN Xin,YAO Linta,LIANG Baoyuan,2025.Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Three Different Cold Air Events on Extreme Rainfall Brought by Landfall Typhoons in Fujian[J].Meteor Mon,51(6):660-674.
郑秀丽,林小红,关辉,林昕,姚林塔,梁宝元,2025.三次不同冷空气过程对登闽台风极端降水影响的对比分析[J].气象,51(6):660-674.
ZHENG Xiuli,LIN Xiaohong,GUAN Hui,LIN Xin,YAO Linta,LIANG Baoyuan,2025.Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Three Different Cold Air Events on Extreme Rainfall Brought by Landfall Typhoons in Fujian[J].Meteor Mon,51(6):660-674.
