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投稿时间：2024-03-05 修订日期：2024-12-02
投稿时间：2024-03-05 修订日期：2024-12-02
中文摘要: 利用2016年8月28日至9月2日在北京市宝联、朝阳、大兴站获得的逐3 h加密探空资料与逐1 h的地面自动气象站资料，基于WRF模式与WRFDA三维变分同化系统，分别进行仅同化加密探空资料（S-DA）、仅同化地面自动气象站资料（A-DA）以及同时同化以上两种资料（M-DA）的同化试验，研究三组资料同化方案对北京地区边界层数值模拟的改善影响。结果表明：垂直方向上，加密探空资料对于改善模拟结果起核心作用，可使边界层范围内温度、相对湿度、风速的均方根误差分别减少65%、61%、22%。地面自动气象站资料对垂直方向的模拟结果亦有贡献，但改善力度小、影响范围低。M-DA试验与S-DA试验结果相仿。水平方向上，地面自动气象站资料的改善作用主要体现在影响范围广，加密探空资料改善力度较强，然而影响范围小。M-DA试验综合两种资料的优势，可使模拟结果更接近观测结果。同化时效性方面，同化试验对边界层内热力状态的改善影响时间较长，对湿度状态与动力结构的改善影响时间较短，其中M-DA试验对热力状态的改善影响最多可延长至预报6 h，对湿度与动力结构的改善影响最多可延长至预报3 h。综上，同时同化加密探空与地面自动气象站资料要比单独同化任一资料的效果更好，两种资料在同化后可以相互补充各自的不足，能较强地改善模式的初始场，从而在一定程度上提高边界层模拟结果的准确度。
Abstract:Using the 3 h densely-observed radiosonde and the 1 h automatic weather station data obtained from Baolian, Chaoyang and Daxing stations in Beijing from 28 August to 2 September 2016, based on the WRF model and the WRFDA three-dimensional variational assimilation system, this paper conducts assimi-lation experiments on only assimilating densely-observed radiosonde data (S-DA), only assimilating automatic weather station data (A-DA), and simultaneously assimilating the above two types of data (M-DA), to investigate the improvement effect of the three data assimilation schemes in the numerical simulation of the boundary layer in the Beijing Area. The results show that in the vertical direction, the densely-observed radiosonde data play a core role in improving simulation results, which can reduce the root mean square errors of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed within the boundary layer range by 65%, 61%, and 22%, respectively. The automatic weather station data also contribute to the simulation results in the vertical direction, but the improvement is small and the impact range is low. The results of the M-DA experiment are similar to those of the S-DA experiment. In the horizontal direction, the improvement effect of the assimilated automatic weather station data is mainly reflected in a wide range of impact. The effect of densely-observed radiosonde data has strong improvement, but the impact range is small. The advantages of combining the two types of data in the M-DA experiment can make the simulation results closer to the observation results. In terms of assimilation timeliness, the assimilation experiment has a relatively long effect on improving the thermal state within the boundary layer, and a relatively short effect on improving the humidity state and dynamic structure. Among them, the M-DA experiment can extend its effect for the thermal state up to 6 h in forecast, and its effect for the humidity and dynamic structure up to 3 h in forecast. In summary, the simultaneous assimilation of densely-observed radiosonde and automatic weather station data is more effective than assimilating one of the data only. The two types of data can complement each other’s shortcomings after assimilation, which can greatly improve the initial field of the model and thus improve the accuracy of boundary layer simulation results to a certain extent.
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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42330608、41975011）共同资助
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 吴义凯 | 南京信息工程大学，中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室，南京 210044 |
| 王成刚 | 南京信息工程大学，中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室，南京 210044 |
| 苗世光 | 北京城市气象研究院，中国气象局城市气象重点开放实验室，北京 100089 |
引用文本：
吴义凯,王成刚,苗世光,2025.加密探空与地面自动气象站资料同化对北京地区边界层数值模拟改善研究[J].气象,51(1):30-42.
WU Yikai,WANG Chenggang,MIAO Shiguang,2025.Improvement of Densely-Observed Radiosonde and Automatic Weather Station Data Assimilation on Numerical Simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer in Beijing Area[J].Meteor Mon,51(1):30-42.
吴义凯,王成刚,苗世光,2025.加密探空与地面自动气象站资料同化对北京地区边界层数值模拟改善研究[J].气象,51(1):30-42.
WU Yikai,WANG Chenggang,MIAO Shiguang,2025.Improvement of Densely-Observed Radiosonde and Automatic Weather Station Data Assimilation on Numerical Simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer in Beijing Area[J].Meteor Mon,51(1):30-42.
