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投稿时间：2021-09-03 修订日期：2022-01-13
投稿时间：2021-09-03 修订日期：2022-01-13
中文摘要: 利用国家气象信息中心提供的2373个国家气象观测站（以下简称国家站）和区域气象观测站（以下简称区域站）小时降水量资料，从累计降水量、降水强度和时间演变等角度，分析了“21·7”（2021年7月17—22日）河南特大暴雨的极端性特征。结果表明：此次暴雨过程具有持续时间长、累计降水量大、突发性强、暴雨落区集中等特点。6天累计降水量平均达到219.05 mm·站-1，有155个站超过600 mm。全省5.43万km2累计过程降水量大于250 mm，超过“75·8”过程(1975年8月)的3.45万km2。强降水主要出现在3个时段（18日15时至19日04时、19日09时至21日08时、21日09时至22日14时），最大降水时段发生在19—21日，落区集中在太行山东南侧、伏牛山东北侧的豫中北地区。有1 514个站出现至少1个时次的短时强降水（≥20 mm·h-1），大值中心分别位于郑州、新乡和鹤壁等地，部分区域短时强降水贡献率超过70%。强降水中心在20日中午至21日夜间由河南中部向河南北部移动，强度由强变弱再加强。此次持续性暴雨过程的极端性表现出明显的局地性特征，郑州国家站7月20日17时1 h降水量达201.9 mm，超过“75·8”过程的小时降水强度，并打破全国国家站历史纪录。3 h和6 h最大降水量均发生在郑州尖岗水库附近。郑州站7月总降水量高达902.0 mm，约是近70年历史平均值的6倍。
中文关键词: “21·7”特大暴雨，短时强降水，极端性，河南
Abstract:Based on the hourly precipitation data of 2 373 national and regional stations from China Meteorological Administration, the extreme characteristics of accumulated precipitation, precipitation intensity and time evolution during the “21·7” (17-22 July 2021) severe torrential rain in Henan Province are analyzed. The results show that this torrential rain process had the characteristics of long duration, large accumulated rainfall, strong abruptness and concentrated torrential rain area. The average accumulated precipitation within 6 days reached 219.05 mm per station, and exceeded 600 mm at 155 stations. There were about 5.43×104 km2 in Henan Province where the cumulative process rainfall was more than 250 mm, larger than that (3.45×104 km2) in the “75·8” （August 1975） process. Three periods of extremely heavy precipitation were from 15:00 BT 18 to 04:00 BT 19， from 09:00 BT 19 to 08:00 BT 21, and from 09:00 BT 21 to 14:00 BT 22 July 2021. The maximum precipitation period occurred from 19 to 21 July, and the rainfall falling area was concentrated in the southeast of Taihang Mountain and northeast of Funiu Mountain. 1 514 stations had at least one time of flash heavy rain (≥ 20 mm·h-1), the large value centers were located in Zhengzhou, Xinxiang and Hebi respectively, with the contribution rate of flash heavy rain in some regions exceeding 70%. The severe precipitation center moved from the central part to northen part of Henan Province from noon of 20 July to the night of the 21 July, and the intensity changed from strong to weak and to strong again. The extremity of the rainstorm process shows obvious local characteristics. The hourly rainfall of Zhengzhou Station at 17:00 BT 20 July was 201.9 mm, exceeding the hourly rainfall intensity of the “75·8” process, and breaking the historical record among the national stations. The maximum rainfall intensity within 3 h and 6 h both occurred at Jiangang Reservoir in Zhengzhou. The total precipitation of Zhengzhou Station in July was 902.0 mm, which is nearly 6 times of the historical average in recent 70 years.
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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41975058)、湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目(2021Q04、2020Q03、2022Y25)、南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气象灾害教育部重点实验室联合开放课题（KLME202106）共同资助
引用文本：
杨浩,周文,汪小康,李山山,王婧羽,王晓芳,胡泊,2022.“21·7”河南特大暴雨降水特征及极端性分析[J].气象,48(5):571-579.
YANG Hao,ZHOU Wen,WANG Xiaokang,LI Shanshan,WANG Jingyu,WANG Xiaofang,HU Po,2022.Analysis on Extremity and Characteristics of the “21·7” Severe Torrential Rain in Henan Province[J].Meteor Mon,48(5):571-579.
杨浩,周文,汪小康,李山山,王婧羽,王晓芳,胡泊,2022.“21·7”河南特大暴雨降水特征及极端性分析[J].气象,48(5):571-579.
YANG Hao,ZHOU Wen,WANG Xiaokang,LI Shanshan,WANG Jingyu,WANG Xiaofang,HU Po,2022.Analysis on Extremity and Characteristics of the “21·7” Severe Torrential Rain in Henan Province[J].Meteor Mon,48(5):571-579.
