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投稿时间：2024-12-19 修订日期：2025-05-19
投稿时间：2024-12-19 修订日期：2025-05-19
中文摘要: 利用多台DSG5天气现象仪分析了2023年第11号台风“海葵”残涡在珠三角的雨滴谱特征，并评估基于观测雨滴谱的定量降水估测(QPE)算法在S/X波段的性能。结果表明，“海葵”残涡对珠三角的降雨影响主要分为两个阶段：第一阶段主要受残涡本体东侧西南季风和偏东气流汇合影响，水汽辐合层深厚，降雨微物理过程较为均匀，雨滴粒径相对较小、数浓度较高；第二阶段主要是残涡外围的边界层偏南风辐合导致的强降雨，水汽辐合层浅薄，降雨粒子较为分散，具有较多粒径大而数浓度低的降雨。总体上，中雨滴对过程总降雨量起主要贡献，但是随着雨强增加，第二阶段极大雨滴对雨强的贡献明显高于第一阶段。基于本次过程的雨滴谱反演的双偏振参量表明，相同雨强（R）下，第一阶段的水平反射率因子（ZH）、差分传播相移率（KDP）和差分反射率因子（ZDR）比第二阶段要小。基于雨滴谱数据计算S/X波段不同QPE算法的偏差，发现：R（ZH）在S波段和X波段的偏差都较大；R（ZH，ZDR）在S波段的偏差较小，但在X波段的偏差随着雨强增大明显增大；R（KDP）在X波段具有更好的性能；R（KDP，ZDR）则在S/X波段都表现最好，并且受雨滴谱变化影响最小，在两个阶段差别不大。
Abstract:Multiple DSG5 raindrop disdrometers are utilized to analyze the raindrop size distribution of the residual vortex of Typhoon Haikui in 2023 in the Pearl River Delta, and the performance of radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) algorithms based on observed raindrop size distribution in the S/X-bands is evaluated. The results indicate that the impact of the residual vortex of Haikui on rainfall in the Pearl River Delta can be divided into two main stages. The first stage is primarily influenced by the convergence of the southwest monsoon and easterly airflow on the eastern side of the vortex itself, with a deep moisture convergence layer. The microphysical processes of rainfall are relatively uniform with higher number concentrations and relatively small particle sizes of raindrops. The second stage is characterized by severe rainfall caused by the convergence of southerly winds in the boundary layer on the outskirts of the residual vortex, with a shallower moisture convergence layer. The rainfall particles are more dispersed, with more rainfall events featuring large diameters and low number concentration of raindrops. Overall, medium-sized raindrops make a major contribution to the total rainfall amount, but as rainfall intensity increases, the contribution of extremely large raindrops to rainfall intensity at the second stage is significantly higher than that at the first stage. The dual-polarization parameters derived from raindrop size distribution of this process shows that, under the same rainfall intensity (R), horizontal reflectivity factor (ZH), specific differential phase (KDP), and differential reflectivity (ZDR) at the first stage are smaller than those at the second stage. The deviation of QPE algorithms in the S/X-bands calculated based on disdrometers data shows that, R(ZH) has relatively large biases in both the S-band and X-band, while the bias of R(ZH, ZDR) is relatively small in the S-band but increases significantly with increasing rainfall intensity in the X-band while R(KDP) has better performance in the X-band. R(KDP, ZDR) performs the best in both the S/X-band and is minimally affected by changes in raindrop size distribution, with little difference between the two stages.
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基金项目:广东省气象局科研项目（GRMC2023Q02）、惠州市科技计划项目（2021SC010303001）、惠州市气象局科技项目（2022Q01）和广州气象卫星地面站研究项目（2302）共同资助
引用文本：
吴若婷,杨思晓,黄楚贤,甘泉,王刚,2026.“海葵”残涡的雨滴谱特征及其对S/X波段定量降水估测算法的影响[J].气象,52(1):29-43.
WU Ruoting,YANG Sixiao,HUANG Chuxian,GAN Quan,WANG Gang,2026.Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution of the Residual Vortex of Typhoon Haikui and Its Impact on the S/X-band QPE Algorithms[J].Meteor Mon,52(1):29-43.
吴若婷,杨思晓,黄楚贤,甘泉,王刚,2026.“海葵”残涡的雨滴谱特征及其对S/X波段定量降水估测算法的影响[J].气象,52(1):29-43.
WU Ruoting,YANG Sixiao,HUANG Chuxian,GAN Quan,WANG Gang,2026.Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution of the Residual Vortex of Typhoon Haikui and Its Impact on the S/X-band QPE Algorithms[J].Meteor Mon,52(1):29-43.
