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投稿时间：2024-02-02 修订日期：2025-01-10
投稿时间：2024-02-02 修订日期：2025-01-10
中文摘要: 采用2018—2020年FY-4A多通道扫描成像辐射计观测资料和地面观测资料，利用正态分布检验和相关性分析等统计方法，研究卫星产品在宁夏地区短时强降水、雷电、冰雹三类强对流天气中的分布特征。结果表明：强对流天气对流性的差异导致FY-4A卫星产品表现出迥异的分布特征。短时强降水时云顶温度、相当黑体温度主要集中在200~280 K，云状差异导致温度区间存在明显不同；雷电、冰雹时，主要区间位于210~270 K；超过50%的短时强降水、75%的雷电和90%以上的冰雹发生在对流层中层以上，即大致5000 m（500 hPa）以上的高空；不同对流天气云滴半径有着明显的差别，短时强降水、雷电、冰雹分别对应着较小云滴、中等云滴和较大云滴；云中液水含量高于500 g·m-2时易发生短时强降水，雷电介于250~400 g·m-2，而冰雹则介于400~600 g·m-2；中等强度的对流层折叠最深深度有利于强降水和雷电发生维持，而冰雹则需要更深的折叠深度。除云顶温度及雷电、冰雹序列中的云顶高度表现为正态分布或准正态分布特征外，其余产品均呈现非正态分布特征。FY-4A产品与短时强降水显著相关的有对流层折叠最深深度、相当黑体温度、云顶温度和云中液水含量；与雷电显著相关的有对流层折叠最深深度、相当黑体温度和云顶温度；与冰雹显著相关的有云顶高度、对流层折叠最深深度、云中液水含量、相当黑体温度和云顶温度，这些产品应在监测预警中予以重点关注。
中文关键词: FY-4A卫星,强对流,云物理参数,分布特征
Abstract:Based on the observation data of FY-4A Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI) and surface observation data during 2018-2020, the distribution characteristics of satellite products in different severe convective weathers, including short-time heavy precipitation, lightning and hail, are studied by using statistical methods such as normal distribution test and correlation analysis. The results are as follows. The difference of convection in severe convective weather leads to different distribution characteristics of FY-4A satellite products. During short-time heavy precipitation, the cloud top temperature (CTT) and black body temperature (TBB) are mainly concentrated in the range of 200-280 K, and different cloud shapes lead to significant differences in temperature ranges. However, during lightning and hail processes, the main ranges of CTT and TBB are located between 210-270 K. More than 50% of short-time heavy precipitation, 75% of lightning, and more than 90% of hail occur at altitudes above 5000 m (500 hPa). The radii of cloud droplets in different convective weathers are obviously different. Short-time heavy precipitation, lightning and hail correspond to small, middle and large cloud droplets, respectively. When the liquid water content (LWC) in clouds exceeds 500 g·m-2, short-time heavy precipitation is prone to occur. For lightning, the LWC ranges from 250 to 400 g·m-2, and for hail, it ranges from 400 to 600 g·m-2. Moderate intensity tropopause folding depth (TZD) is conducive to the occurrence and maintenance of heavy precipitation and lightning, while hail requires deeper folding depth. Except that the CTT and the cloud top height (CTH) in the lightning hail series show normal distribution or quasi-normal distribution characteristics, other FY-4A products do not conform to normal distribution. FY-4A products are significantly correlated to short-time heavy precipitation in CTT, TBB, LWC and TZD, lightning in CTT, TBB and TZD, as well as hail in CTT, CTH, TBB, LWC and TZD. These products need to be paid more attention to in monitoring and early warning operations.
keywords: FY-4A satellite, severe convection, cloud physical parameters, distribution characteristic
文章编号： 中图分类号：P426 文献标志码：
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41965001）、宁夏回族自治区科技创新领军人才培养工程（2021GKLRX5）、宁夏回族自治区创新团队（2024CXTD006）和宁夏自然科学基金项目（2024AAC03414）共同资助
引用文本：
邵建,郑鹏徽,裴晓蓉,张肃诏,程瑶,马贝贝,陈豫英,2025.宁夏强对流天气FY-4A卫星云物理参数特征[J].气象,51(3):337-348.
SHAO Jian,ZHENG Penghui,PEI Xiaorong,ZHANG Suzhao,CHENG Yao,MA Beibei,CHEN Yuying,2025.Characteristics of FY-4A Satellite Cloud Physical Parameters in Severe Convective Weather in Ningxia[J].Meteor Mon,51(3):337-348.
邵建,郑鹏徽,裴晓蓉,张肃诏,程瑶,马贝贝,陈豫英,2025.宁夏强对流天气FY-4A卫星云物理参数特征[J].气象,51(3):337-348.
SHAO Jian,ZHENG Penghui,PEI Xiaorong,ZHANG Suzhao,CHENG Yao,MA Beibei,CHEN Yuying,2025.Characteristics of FY-4A Satellite Cloud Physical Parameters in Severe Convective Weather in Ningxia[J].Meteor Mon,51(3):337-348.
