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投稿时间：2018-09-28 修订日期：2019-04-03
投稿时间：2018-09-28 修订日期：2019-04-03
中文摘要: 采用河南省2016—2017年100个日降水资料，对比分析雨滴谱反演回波与雷达回波的差异、雨滴谱反演降水强度与雨量计观测降水强度的差异；进行雨滴谱Gamma拟合，以探究河南省雨滴谱分布及降水云系类型；进行Z-I关系拟合，以探究河南省降水回波与降水强度的关系。结果表明：（1）雨滴谱反演回波、雷达观测回波的变化趋势具有较好一致性。而前者普遍小于后者，其可能原因：一是雷达通过最低仰角观测到的地面雨滴谱仪上方回波与地面雨滴谱仪之间存在一定高度差，二是雨滴下落时的蒸发、破碎过程，使到达地面的雨滴直径减小。（2）雨滴谱反演的降水强度与雨量计观测的降水强度相比，存在一定差异，但无显著偏大或偏小规律性特征。（3）对流云及层积混合云的雨滴谱宽大于层状云，中等尺度雨滴数密度较大。层状云的小水滴数密度较大。河南省大部分降水过程为雨滴谱较窄的层状云降水。（4）河南省降水回波与降水强度的拟合公式：Z=262I1.34，层状云拟合公式：Z=219I1.30，对流云拟合公式：Z=307I1.38。（5）雨滴数浓度较高月份为6—7月(1500个·m-3左右)，降水强度较高月份为8—10月(>60 mm·h-1)，雨滴最大直径较高月份为4—8月(4.3～4.8 mm)，雨滴平均直径较高月份为3—4月(3 mm左右)。雨滴数浓度、降水强度、最大直径、平均直径的月份特征变化无一致性。
Abstract:Adopting the precipitation data of 100 days in Henan Province from 2016 to 2017, this paper comparatively analyzed the difference between raindrop size distribution inversion echo and radar echo, and the difference between raindrop size distribution inversion precipitation intensity and rain gauge observation precipitation intensity. Gamma fitting of raindrop size distribution was conducted to explore raindrop size distribution and precipitation cloud types in Henan Province. Z-I fitting was done to explore relationship between precipitation echo and precipitation intensity in Henan Province. The results are as follows. (1) The variation trends of raindrop size distribution inversion echo and radar echo have good consistency. The former is generally smaller than the latter, and the possible causes are that there was a certain height difference between the radar echo above ground raindrop disdrometer that observed through the lowest elevation angle and the ground raindrop disdrometer, and that the evaporation process, when raindrops fell, could reduce the diameter of raindrops that reached the surface. (2) There is a certain difference between raindrop size distribution inversion precipitation intensity and rain gauge observation precipitation intensity, but there is no obviously large or small regularity. (3) The widths of raindrop size distribution of convective cloud and stratocumulus mixed cloud are wider than that of stratiform cloud, the density of medium-scale raindrops is larger. The density of small droplets in stratiform cloud is larger. Most precipitation processes in Henan Province are stratiform precipitations with narrower raindrop size distribution. (4) The fitting formula of precipitation echo and precipitation intensity in Henan Province is Z=262I1.34, the fitting formula of laminar cloud is Z=219I1.30 and the fitting formula of convective cloud is Z=307I1.38. (5) The raindrop concentrations in June and July are higher (about 1500 m-3), the precipitation intensity between August and October are higher (>60 mm·h-1), the maximum diameters of raindrops between April and August are higher (4.3-4.8 mm), the mean diameters of raindrops between March and April are higher (approximately 3 mm). There is no consistency in the monthly feature changes of four precipitation microphysical quantities.
keywords: raindrop size distribution, precipitation intensity, radar echo, Gamma fitting, Z-I fitting
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基金项目:中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室应用技术研究基金(KM201923)和河南省气象局气象科学技术研究项目（Z201507）共同资助
引用文本：
沙修竹,丁建芳,程博,2019.地面激光雨滴谱仪反演降水参量的特性探究[J].气象,45(11):1569-1578.
SHA Xiuzhu,DING Jianfang,CHENG Bo,2019.Characteristics of Precipitation Parameters Reflected by Ground Laser Raindrop Disdrometer[J].Meteor Mon,45(11):1569-1578.
沙修竹,丁建芳,程博,2019.地面激光雨滴谱仪反演降水参量的特性探究[J].气象,45(11):1569-1578.
SHA Xiuzhu,DING Jianfang,CHENG Bo,2019.Characteristics of Precipitation Parameters Reflected by Ground Laser Raindrop Disdrometer[J].Meteor Mon,45(11):1569-1578.
