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气象:2016,42(11):1372-1378
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上海地区汛期暴雨的延伸期预测方法及应用
(1.上海市气候中心,上海 200030;2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,兰州 730020)
Exploration and Application of the Extended Period Rainstorm Forecast in Shanghai
(1.Shanghai Climate Centre, Shanghai 200030;2.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Lanzhou 730020)
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投稿时间:2016-01-31    修订日期:2016-09-01
中文摘要: 本文利用700 hPa低频流场的演变分析上海暴雨过程的主要低频静态模型及大暴雨过程的主要低频动态模型。根据2005—2015年近10年的112个暴雨日样本建立低频系统静态预测模型,即一种是北方低频反气旋南方低频气旋型,另一种是北方低频气旋南方低频反气旋型。进一步研究发现,24 h雨量≥100 mm的大暴雨主要表现为低频气旋型,约占大暴雨总日数的60%。这种低频模态的大暴雨在发生前30 d至发生时的低频系统移动路径具有较好的一致性,即源自高纬度的低频反气旋在大暴雨发生前30 d左右逐渐向东南方向移动,在暴雨发生前20 d左右热带洋面进入低频气旋活跃期,随后低频气旋向西北方向移动,当两者交汇于上海附近地区时,产生大暴雨过程。利用这种移动路径的一致性建立大暴雨的动态预测模型。将静态及动态模型相结合用于业务预报,利用该方法较为准确地预报出近5年汛期的最强降水,时效均在12 d以上。
Abstract:Based on the wind field and vapor field at 700 hPa of NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis dataset, and the precipitation data of 11 stations in Shanghai, this paper applies the method of the extended period rainstorm forecast in Shanghai. Based on the data of 112 rainstorm days in the past 10 years, the static prediction model of low frequency system is established. One is the type of northern low frequency anticyclone and the south low frequency cyclone, while the other is the type of northern low frequency cyclone and the south low frequency anticyclone. Further research shows that rainstorms with a daily rainfall of 100 mm or more are mainly low frequency cyclones, accounting for 60% of the total number of rainstorms. Low frequency cyclone type mobile characteristics are very consistent in the 30 days before the occurrence of rainstorms. This consistency can be used to establish the dynamic prediction model of heavy rain. Using this method, the heaviest rainfalls in the flood season in the last 5 years are forecasted accurately, and the lead time is more than 12 days.
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基金项目:中国气象局2016年小型基建项目“全国预测预报业务系统建设(二期)”资助
引用文本:
信飞,陈伯民,穆海振,孙国武,2016.上海地区汛期暴雨的延伸期预测方法及应用[J].气象,42(11):1372-1378.
XIN Fei,CHEN Bomin,MU Haizhen,SUN Guowu,2016.Exploration and Application of the Extended Period Rainstorm Forecast in Shanghai[J].Meteor Mon,42(11):1372-1378.