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气象:2014,40(11):1354-1362
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水文模型在计算中小流域致汛临界面雨量中的应用
(1 中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所 暴雨监测预警湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430074,2 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京 100081,2 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081;2.1 中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所 暴雨监测预警湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430074;3 武汉区域气候中心,武汉 430074)
Application of Hydrological Model to Calculating Flood Critical Area Rainfall in Small and Medium River Valleys
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投稿时间:2013-07-10    修订日期:2014-07-18
中文摘要: 在设定致灾标准的前提下,运用水文模型模拟降水和流量关系,反推不同基础水位达到致灾标准所需要的雨量,探讨中小流域临界面雨量计算的新方法、新思路。以湖北省荆门漳河流域为例,选取控制流域3/4面积的漳河水库为控制站点,利用新安江水文模型,通过1956—2012年36场洪水的模拟率定水文模型的参数,在此基础上结合漳河水库防洪能力,利用水文模型反推计算漳河水库不同基准水位、不同雨量分布条件下的致汛临界面雨量(到达汛限水位所需的面雨量)。结果表明:利用水文模型反推计算中小流域临界面雨量,能直观给出漳河水库不同基准水位、不同降水分布条件下的洪水入库过程曲线、水位变化过程曲线以及流域致汛临界面雨量,意义明确,技术方法可行,能有效丰富中小流域临界面雨量的计算方法。
Abstract:In the premise of supposed disaster standard, the hydrological model is applied to simulating the relations between rainfall and runoff, getting required rainfall for different base water levels that reach disaster standard, and a new method, new ideas for critical area rainfall calculation of small and medium river valleys are discussed. The research takes the Zhanghe Reservoir, Jingmen, Hubei Province as an example, adopts the Xin’anjiang hydrological model, and determines hydrological model parameters through the simulation of historical cases from 1956 to 2012. Based on the simulation result and reservoir flood capacity, the research simulates and calculates the flood critical area rainfall (to reach the critical area rainfall that the flood limit water level needs) under the conditions of different baseline levels, and different rainfall distributions. The results show that it is feasible to use hydrological model to calculate critical area rainfall so that the calculation method of critical area rainfall in small and medium river valleys can be effectively richened.
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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41205086),中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室开放基金(2014LASW B09)及公益性行业(气象)科专项(GYHY201206028和GYHY201306056)共同资助
引用文本:
彭涛,殷志远,李兰,2014.水文模型在计算中小流域致汛临界面雨量中的应用[J].气象,40(11):1354-1362.
PENG Tao,YIN Zhiyuan,LI Lan,2014.Application of Hydrological Model to Calculating Flood Critical Area Rainfall in Small and Medium River Valleys[J].Meteor Mon,40(11):1354-1362.