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气象:2011,37(5):522-531
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三次下击暴流雷达回波特征分析
(1.山东省气象台, 济南 250031 ;2.山东省泰山气象站, 泰安 271000)
Doppler Radar Echo Features of Three Downbursts
(1.Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 250031;2.Taishan Meteorological Station of Shandong Province, Tai’an 271000)
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投稿时间:2010-05-14    修订日期:2010-08-08
中文摘要: 利用济南、徐州和临沂多普勒天气雷达资料,对发生在山东境内的3次下击暴流进行了分析。2009年6月27日和2006年7月25日强风暴不仅产生了尺度大于4 km的宏下击暴流,而且还产生了冰雹和强降水天气,风暴最大反射率因子维持在60 dBz以上,单体VIL在45~70 kg·m-2之间。2009年7月8日对流风暴只产生了尺度小于2 km的微下击暴流,风暴最大反射率因子维持在55~59 dBz,高度在10 km以上,单体VIL在30~48 kg·m-2之间。结果表明,三次风暴中层为明显的气旋性旋转上升气流结构,利于风暴发展和维持,近地层基本速度产品上表现为纯辐散或反气旋性辐散结构;反射率因子强核高度或风暴顶高度从高空的快速下降,使得风暴中层下沉气流加强,从而引发了地面下击暴流。低层和中层环境风切变及CAPE的大小决定风暴下击暴流的强弱,近地层径向速度极值超过28 m·s-1,可在地面产生25 m·s-1以上的瞬时强风。
Abstract:Three downburst events in Shandong Province were analyzed with Doppler radar data from Jinan, Xuzhou and Linyi. A severe storm with maximum reflectivity between 60-70 dBz, and C-VIL between 41-76 kg·m-2, and cell-top above 10 km, developed in the northeast part of Shandong Province, and produced downburst beyond 4 km across, accompanied by severe hails and heavy precipitation on 27 June 2009 (0627 storm). A severe storm with maximum reflectivity between 56-64 dBz, and C VIL between 26-51 kg·m-2, and cell top above 8 km, developed in the north part of Shandong Province, and produced downburst beyond 4 km across and hails on 25 July 2006 (0725 storm). A storm with maximum reflectivity between 55-59 dBz, and C VIL between 30-48 kg·m-2, and cell top above 10 km, developed in the south part of Shandong Province, and produced downburst as small as 2 km across on 8 July 2009 (0708 storm). The results show that the signatures of upright airflow in three storms were similar, namely cyclonic rotation at mid level, this air flow structure was conducive to the development and maintenance of the severe storm. The downbursts have a pattern of pure diverging or a pattern of anti cyclone diverging Doppler velocities at the surface layer. The dropping markedly of reflectivity factor core or cell top can produce acceleration of downward tilt airflows at middle levels in the storms, this fact can be used to issue downburst warnings. High values of 0-2 km and 0-6 km vertical wind shear, and high CAPE values can produce severe downbursts. The peak average radial velocity above 28 m·s-1 at low levels can lead to strong wind above 25 m·s-1 on the ground. 
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基金项目:中国气象局预报员专项(CMATG2010Y11),山东省科技厅科技攻关项目(2007GG20008001和2009GG10008001),山东省气象局开放式基金课题(2008sdqxjj01)共同资助
引用文本:
刁秀广,赵振东,高慧君,姜鹏,2011.三次下击暴流雷达回波特征分析[J].气象,37(5):522-531.
DIAO Xiuguang,ZHAO Zhendong,GAO Huijun,JIANG Peng,2011.Doppler Radar Echo Features of Three Downbursts[J].Meteor Mon,37(5):522-531.