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气象:2010,36(7):101-110
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热带气象灾害及其研究进展
(中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081)
Tropical Meteorological Calamities and Its Research Evalution
(Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081)
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投稿时间:2010-03-10    修订日期:2010-06-28
中文摘要: 地球上的热带(Tropics)地区位于赤道两侧低纬度的环球带内,该区域海洋占有远大于陆地的面积,海洋向大气输送大量能量,海、陆、气相互作用制造出很强的天气系统。例如季风(Monsoon)和台风、飓风、气旋性风暴等旋转风速很强的大气涡旋,统称为热带气旋(Tropical Cyclones)。热带地区的急性(Acute)灾害性天气主要就是热带气旋和季风。热带地区的另一种严重灾害是干旱(Drought)和沙漠化(Desertification),它会引起粮食减产和饥荒,但这是慢性(Chronic)灾害。 热带灾害性天气系统一般发源于热带而灾害不限于热带。当灾害系统移到中高纬度,灾害便会延伸到温带甚至寒带。有的灾害性天气系统发源于寒带,南侵成灾,也会受到热带气象领域的关注和研究,例如冬季风(Winter Boreal Monsoon)爆发和灾害。 本文介绍了近年来发生的重大热带气象灾害事件以及热带气象领域发现的一些新事实,这些奇异现象很受关注。同时还介绍了国际热带气象研究的前沿科学问题及其进展以及近8年来国际热带气象领域所开展的外场科学试验、科学目标以及学术交流。
Abstract:Major part of tropical meteorology can be divided into tropical cyclones and monsoons. Most acute calamities in tropics and extratropical regions were incurred by both of them. The other severe disaster in tropics is the serious drought and desertification, but those are the chronic disaster. Tropical meteorological serious disasters in recent years are described in this paper. Some unusual new findings are also introduced. All of them should be studied by some tropical meteorological research projects or relevant national meteorological research communities.   In this paper, the state of the arts on tropical cyclone and monsoon research and some crucial scientific issues are reviewed. On the other hand, the relevant field programs and academic forums related to tropical meteorology are also referred.
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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(40730948)和国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2009CB421504)
引用文本:
陈联寿,2010.热带气象灾害及其研究进展[J].气象,36(7):101-110.
CHEN Lianshou,2010.Tropical Meteorological Calamities and Its Research Evalution[J].Meteor Mon,36(7):101-110.