ISSN 1000-0526
CN 11-2282/P
CN 11-2282/P
Volume 31,Issue 1,2005 Table of Contents
2005, 31(1):3-8.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.001
Abstract:
The significant Progress of Chinese Antarctic operational meteorology has been made with the development Antarctic expeditions for the recent two decades. Two permanent stations in Antarctic area were established and named as the “Great Wall” and “Zhongshan”, respectively. The former has been operating since 1984 and the latter since 1989. The automatic weather station (LGB-69) was installed cooperated with Australian Antarctic Division in 2001, which is located on an ice sheet and far 160km from Zhongshan. A series of operational observations, including surface meteorology, real-time and site weather forecasting with high-resolution satellite data and atmospheric ozone and UV-B are carried out. Meteorology observations were made, and services of forecast were also conducted on the expedition vessel. Antarctic meteorology operation provided the original data for Antarctic study and meteorology service for Antarctic navigation and expedition. Therefore, it is a very important task for us to further improve operational meteorology of Antarctic expedition.
The significant Progress of Chinese Antarctic operational meteorology has been made with the development Antarctic expeditions for the recent two decades. Two permanent stations in Antarctic area were established and named as the “Great Wall” and “Zhongshan”, respectively. The former has been operating since 1984 and the latter since 1989. The automatic weather station (LGB-69) was installed cooperated with Australian Antarctic Division in 2001, which is located on an ice sheet and far 160km from Zhongshan. A series of operational observations, including surface meteorology, real-time and site weather forecasting with high-resolution satellite data and atmospheric ozone and UV-B are carried out. Meteorology observations were made, and services of forecast were also conducted on the expedition vessel. Antarctic meteorology operation provided the original data for Antarctic study and meteorology service for Antarctic navigation and expedition. Therefore, it is a very important task for us to further improve operational meteorology of Antarctic expedition.
2005, 31(1):9-12.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.002
Abstract:
Some progresses on study of heavy rainfall within the Meiyu front in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River for the last five years are made as follow. 1. Muti-scales physical models of heavy rainfall within the Meiyu front based on the real-time observed data are proposed. 2. A synoptic model for heavy rainfall within the Meiyu front is established. 3. The structure of Meiyu front and its maintenance mechanism are discussed. 4. Several kinds of quantitative remote sensing retrieval theories and methods are proposed for meso-scale heavy rainfall; 5. Dual-Dopplor detecting methods and retrieval theories for meso-scale heavy rainfall are successfully studied. 6. The meso-scale heavy rainfall numerical prediction model system with 3Dvar is developed.
Some progresses on study of heavy rainfall within the Meiyu front in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River for the last five years are made as follow. 1. Muti-scales physical models of heavy rainfall within the Meiyu front based on the real-time observed data are proposed. 2. A synoptic model for heavy rainfall within the Meiyu front is established. 3. The structure of Meiyu front and its maintenance mechanism are discussed. 4. Several kinds of quantitative remote sensing retrieval theories and methods are proposed for meso-scale heavy rainfall; 5. Dual-Dopplor detecting methods and retrieval theories for meso-scale heavy rainfall are successfully studied. 6. The meso-scale heavy rainfall numerical prediction model system with 3Dvar is developed.
2005, 31(1):13-18.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.003
Abstract:
The meso-scale synoptic system is successfully simulated with a meso-scale heavy rain numerical model, that leads to heavy rain in the middle valleys of the Changjiang River on 22, July in 2003. Combining surface intensive observations, conventional data and model output products, the meso-scale synoptic system is analyzed particularly. Results show as follows. The heavy rain taking place in the west side of Dabie Mountain is caused by β-scale cyclone on α-scale shear, and the heavy rain near the boundary area between Hunan and Hubei provinces is caused by cyclonic wind perturbation. The positive vortex advection in the foreside of upper trough provides triggering mechanism for the formation of mesoscale heavy rain system. The pressure in the middle-lower troposphere drops under the effect of the positive vortex advection, which generates allobaric wind convergence and then leads to ascending motion. The lift-up of warm and humid air current in the lower troposphere triggers the bursting-out of instable convective energy, which leads to form local convection and heavy rain.
The meso-scale synoptic system is successfully simulated with a meso-scale heavy rain numerical model, that leads to heavy rain in the middle valleys of the Changjiang River on 22, July in 2003. Combining surface intensive observations, conventional data and model output products, the meso-scale synoptic system is analyzed particularly. Results show as follows. The heavy rain taking place in the west side of Dabie Mountain is caused by β-scale cyclone on α-scale shear, and the heavy rain near the boundary area between Hunan and Hubei provinces is caused by cyclonic wind perturbation. The positive vortex advection in the foreside of upper trough provides triggering mechanism for the formation of mesoscale heavy rain system. The pressure in the middle-lower troposphere drops under the effect of the positive vortex advection, which generates allobaric wind convergence and then leads to ascending motion. The lift-up of warm and humid air current in the lower troposphere triggers the bursting-out of instable convective energy, which leads to form local convection and heavy rain.
2005, 31(1):19-22.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.004
Abstract:
The phenological features in Beijing in 2002 are discussed based on phenological observations. And the conclusions are drawn as follows. The phenoseason and phenodate in 2002 is the most abnormal in Beijing for the last 150 years. Compared with the phenology for normal year, it suggests that the former-winter (2001—2002) of 2002 is short and warm, spring is early so the phenodate advance obviously, summer is hot and long, autumn is cool and short, the later-winter (2002—2003) is cold at the beginning of the winter. Compared with the phenodate in spring for the last 150 years in Beijing, it suggests that the warm winter and advanced spring in 2002 is the most obvious in the last 150 years in Beijing. Although the beginning date of winter between 2002 and 2003 is the same as that of normal years, the warm winter and advanced spring in recent future will still remain a certain period derived from the changing trend of spring phenodate in Beijing for the last 150 years.
The phenological features in Beijing in 2002 are discussed based on phenological observations. And the conclusions are drawn as follows. The phenoseason and phenodate in 2002 is the most abnormal in Beijing for the last 150 years. Compared with the phenology for normal year, it suggests that the former-winter (2001—2002) of 2002 is short and warm, spring is early so the phenodate advance obviously, summer is hot and long, autumn is cool and short, the later-winter (2002—2003) is cold at the beginning of the winter. Compared with the phenodate in spring for the last 150 years in Beijing, it suggests that the warm winter and advanced spring in 2002 is the most obvious in the last 150 years in Beijing. Although the beginning date of winter between 2002 and 2003 is the same as that of normal years, the warm winter and advanced spring in recent future will still remain a certain period derived from the changing trend of spring phenodate in Beijing for the last 150 years.
2005, 31(1):23-28.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.005
Abstract:
Ecologically and environmentally, considering Guixi County, Jiangxi Province as research area, supported by RS, GIS, GPS technology and conventional statistical method, natural factors, human activities and social economics elements are chosen to evaluate regional ecological and environment quality with model in which weight values are derived from experts and fuzzy method. Evaluating factors are acquired from interpreting CBERS1/CCD data with 20meters resolution, 1 to 100000 digital geographical data, surveying data with GPS and statistics data etc., including climate, water resource, land use, forest coverage, pollution releasing, farmland per person, food yield per unit area, and GDP etc. Index system is structured. Results show that the ecological environment quality in study site arrives at second grade, which behave in good conditions compared with the other counties in some aspects like forest coverage (61%), farmland per person (0.06hm2), food yield per unit area (8025kg·hm-2), water and soil losses area (61974hm2), biology diversity being protected well. GDP ranks in front of the Province that is beneficial to protect and harness ecological environment. Also there are some problems such as the unsatisfied water quality (third grade),frequent weather disasters and potential danger of soil erosion.
Ecologically and environmentally, considering Guixi County, Jiangxi Province as research area, supported by RS, GIS, GPS technology and conventional statistical method, natural factors, human activities and social economics elements are chosen to evaluate regional ecological and environment quality with model in which weight values are derived from experts and fuzzy method. Evaluating factors are acquired from interpreting CBERS1/CCD data with 20meters resolution, 1 to 100000 digital geographical data, surveying data with GPS and statistics data etc., including climate, water resource, land use, forest coverage, pollution releasing, farmland per person, food yield per unit area, and GDP etc. Index system is structured. Results show that the ecological environment quality in study site arrives at second grade, which behave in good conditions compared with the other counties in some aspects like forest coverage (61%), farmland per person (0.06hm2), food yield per unit area (8025kg·hm-2), water and soil losses area (61974hm2), biology diversity being protected well. GDP ranks in front of the Province that is beneficial to protect and harness ecological environment. Also there are some problems such as the unsatisfied water quality (third grade),frequent weather disasters and potential danger of soil erosion.
2005, 31(1):29-32.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.006
Abstract:
By using the GMS-5 data and surface observations of solar radiation of Mohe county and Zhengzhou city, a regression equation is developed between satellite visual light (VIS), infrared 1(IR1), infrared 2(IR2), water vapor (IR3) channel, sun zenith and net surface radiation. The correlation coefficient is up to 0 8259. Especially, in terms of cloud condition, the results are improved when data of IR1 minus IR3 are used, which give a new method to study cloud effect on net surface radiation.
By using the GMS-5 data and surface observations of solar radiation of Mohe county and Zhengzhou city, a regression equation is developed between satellite visual light (VIS), infrared 1(IR1), infrared 2(IR2), water vapor (IR3) channel, sun zenith and net surface radiation. The correlation coefficient is up to 0 8259. Especially, in terms of cloud condition, the results are improved when data of IR1 minus IR3 are used, which give a new method to study cloud effect on net surface radiation.
2005, 31(1):33-36.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.007
Abstract:
A first unsuccessful forecast for a relatively heavy precipitation in rainy season is synthetically analyzed. The result shows that the main reasons are the weather systems moved quickly eastward with shallow wet layer, and obvious downward movement in the foregoing of front in Guangxi. Consequently, it is very necessary to analysis the moving speed of the weather system and the obligatory physics condition of precipitation with forecast guide line and numerical forecast products.
A first unsuccessful forecast for a relatively heavy precipitation in rainy season is synthetically analyzed. The result shows that the main reasons are the weather systems moved quickly eastward with shallow wet layer, and obvious downward movement in the foregoing of front in Guangxi. Consequently, it is very necessary to analysis the moving speed of the weather system and the obligatory physics condition of precipitation with forecast guide line and numerical forecast products.
2005, 31(1):37-40.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.008
Abstract:
Based on the monthly rainfall data of 629 stations from 1950 to 2000, using Z index as the standard division of the drought/wetness of seven classes (grades) are made. After squaring mainly agricultural areas in the north of the Changjiang River, the square measure of drought has happened by calculating how much proportion the drought station held each square. The results indicated that the drought areas with constantly extensive tendency are in Jan., Feb., Apr., Jul., Aug., Sep., Nov. and Dec. but declined in June.
Based on the monthly rainfall data of 629 stations from 1950 to 2000, using Z index as the standard division of the drought/wetness of seven classes (grades) are made. After squaring mainly agricultural areas in the north of the Changjiang River, the square measure of drought has happened by calculating how much proportion the drought station held each square. The results indicated that the drought areas with constantly extensive tendency are in Jan., Feb., Apr., Jul., Aug., Sep., Nov. and Dec. but declined in June.
2005, 31(1):41-44.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.009
Abstract:
The support vector machine (SVM) regression principle and its application to weather forecast are introduced. By using ECMWF analysis fields of 500hPa height, 850hPa temperature, and sea level pressure from January to September through 1990—2000, the SVM regression models are built on daily average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature of five typical stations in Deyang. The performances of these models are evaluated.
The support vector machine (SVM) regression principle and its application to weather forecast are introduced. By using ECMWF analysis fields of 500hPa height, 850hPa temperature, and sea level pressure from January to September through 1990—2000, the SVM regression models are built on daily average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature of five typical stations in Deyang. The performances of these models are evaluated.
2005, 31(1):45-49.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.01.010
Abstract:
Precipitation stratiform cloud systems were detected and catalyzed by using airplane with airborne Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) and satellite Global Position System (GPS) in September 13, 2002 in the Northern Shaanxi Province. It shows that in the influenced areas by catalyzing the numbers of little ice crystals increased in order of magnitudes and partial melting layer's prominence in radar RHI was formed because of melting layer's increased local temperature. The cause may be the supercooled water consume melting latent thermal after LC catalysis.
Precipitation stratiform cloud systems were detected and catalyzed by using airplane with airborne Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) and satellite Global Position System (GPS) in September 13, 2002 in the Northern Shaanxi Province. It shows that in the influenced areas by catalyzing the numbers of little ice crystals increased in order of magnitudes and partial melting layer's prominence in radar RHI was formed because of melting layer's increased local temperature. The cause may be the supercooled water consume melting latent thermal after LC catalysis.
2005, 31(1):50-54.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.011
Abstract:
Based on the radiosonde data in Gansu Province, an analysis of the climate character of the vapor content and the vapor flux in the air, and the vapor source or transportation condition is made. As the result, the vapor content and the vapor transportation in the air are more in quantity in summer but less in winter, more in south and less in north. It is the increasing periods from February to July and the decreasing period from August to January. The cradle of transporting vapor mainly contains the Bengal bay, the South China Sea and the East China Sea, the Qingzang Plateau, and Sichuan Basin. The route of transporting vapor mainly includes middle-level southwest path, southerly middle-low-level path and southeast path.
Based on the radiosonde data in Gansu Province, an analysis of the climate character of the vapor content and the vapor flux in the air, and the vapor source or transportation condition is made. As the result, the vapor content and the vapor transportation in the air are more in quantity in summer but less in winter, more in south and less in north. It is the increasing periods from February to July and the decreasing period from August to January. The cradle of transporting vapor mainly contains the Bengal bay, the South China Sea and the East China Sea, the Qingzang Plateau, and Sichuan Basin. The route of transporting vapor mainly includes middle-level southwest path, southerly middle-low-level path and southeast path.
2005, 31(1):55-58.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.012
Abstract:
Based on observations, an analysis of the relationship between air quality and synoptic situation in Harbin city for three years is made. The air pollution synoptic characteristics of winter and spring are obtained. The Harbin air quality synoptic objective forecast method is developed.
Based on observations, an analysis of the relationship between air quality and synoptic situation in Harbin city for three years is made. The air pollution synoptic characteristics of winter and spring are obtained. The Harbin air quality synoptic objective forecast method is developed.
2005, 31(1):59-62.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.013
Abstract:
The city air pollution prediction system in Guangxi was established by applying component prediction technology of the numerical prediction model and the model of dynamic statistics prediction. Also, the platform for the workers from the departments of meteorology and environment protection to hold consultations on city air pollution prediction was set up. The feature of the air pollution prediction system was that the model operation of air pollution prediction, the data transmission and exchange, the outcome of prediction were integrated with, and the Guangxi Meteorological Observatory could issue air pollution prediction at the same time for the cities of Nanning, Guilin and Beihai. The practice in prediction for two years indicated that the system performed stably, automatically and accurately.
The city air pollution prediction system in Guangxi was established by applying component prediction technology of the numerical prediction model and the model of dynamic statistics prediction. Also, the platform for the workers from the departments of meteorology and environment protection to hold consultations on city air pollution prediction was set up. The feature of the air pollution prediction system was that the model operation of air pollution prediction, the data transmission and exchange, the outcome of prediction were integrated with, and the Guangxi Meteorological Observatory could issue air pollution prediction at the same time for the cities of Nanning, Guilin and Beihai. The practice in prediction for two years indicated that the system performed stably, automatically and accurately.
2005, 31(1):63-66.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.014
Abstract:
An air pollution forecast flow process is introduced firstly, then an operational air pollution forecast system is introduced in detail. It is shown that this system has a friendly user interface and many strong functions.
An air pollution forecast flow process is introduced firstly, then an operational air pollution forecast system is introduced in detail. It is shown that this system has a friendly user interface and many strong functions.
2005, 31(1):67-68.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.015
Abstract:
Based on the abundant numerical predicted production from T213 model and the real time observation from Beijing Meteorological Observatory, a neural network model is developed to forecast daytime, nighttime, daily mean, minimum and maximum temperatures for 1—3 day(0—72hours) in advance. The forecast tests indicate that the square root error is less than 2℃ that can be satisfied for economical heating in Beijing.
Based on the abundant numerical predicted production from T213 model and the real time observation from Beijing Meteorological Observatory, a neural network model is developed to forecast daytime, nighttime, daily mean, minimum and maximum temperatures for 1—3 day(0—72hours) in advance. The forecast tests indicate that the square root error is less than 2℃ that can be satisfied for economical heating in Beijing.
2005, 31(1):69-71.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.01.016
Abstract:
The properties of urban “heat island” variation in Beijing and the correction role of urban “heat island” strength to every heating district and the preliminary results are given out according to the daily temperature difference between automatic meteorological station in Gongzhufen(representing for heating area) and Beijing Meteorological Station(representing for suburb area) during every heating period (Nov. to Mar.)from 1997 to 2001. Through scientific analysis of meteorological and heating data inside and outside for heating period in 2001—2002,a relation- model between heat load and surrounding temperature are obtained that can be put into use for saving energy greatly.
The properties of urban “heat island” variation in Beijing and the correction role of urban “heat island” strength to every heating district and the preliminary results are given out according to the daily temperature difference between automatic meteorological station in Gongzhufen(representing for heating area) and Beijing Meteorological Station(representing for suburb area) during every heating period (Nov. to Mar.)from 1997 to 2001. Through scientific analysis of meteorological and heating data inside and outside for heating period in 2001—2002,a relation- model between heat load and surrounding temperature are obtained that can be put into use for saving energy greatly.
2005, 31(1):72-74.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.01.017
Abstract:
Based on meteorological and heating data inside and outside for heating period in 2001—2002,a calculation method of energy efficiency temperature in different meteorological conditions, such as surrounding temperature, wind speed, radiation and so on, is obtained. The heating meteorological index and its dividing standard are given for the first time. Then total heating load,water temperature difference of in to out, even water-in temperature by controlling water-out temperature can be calculated that are put into practice in the meteorological and district heating department, it will be helpful for heating dispatching and become the basis of energy efficiency, benefit augmentation and pollution alleviation.
Based on meteorological and heating data inside and outside for heating period in 2001—2002,a calculation method of energy efficiency temperature in different meteorological conditions, such as surrounding temperature, wind speed, radiation and so on, is obtained. The heating meteorological index and its dividing standard are given for the first time. Then total heating load,water temperature difference of in to out, even water-in temperature by controlling water-out temperature can be calculated that are put into practice in the meteorological and district heating department, it will be helpful for heating dispatching and become the basis of energy efficiency, benefit augmentation and pollution alleviation.
2005, 31(1):75-78.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.1.018
Abstract:
Based on the economical district heating meteorological model and its index system established by meteorology-heating experiment data in the past, and relied on the routine meteorological operational system, and ACCESS2000 data base system, Beijing Economical District Heating Meteorological Forecast System is developed through using mixing programming technology of FORTRAN and VC computer language that is put into application in the Beijing Special Meteorological Observatory and Beijing District Heating Group Company during the heating period of 2002—2003, offering the basis for real time heat dispatching. Systematic composition, research content and system running situation are emphatically introduced.
Based on the economical district heating meteorological model and its index system established by meteorology-heating experiment data in the past, and relied on the routine meteorological operational system, and ACCESS2000 data base system, Beijing Economical District Heating Meteorological Forecast System is developed through using mixing programming technology of FORTRAN and VC computer language that is put into application in the Beijing Special Meteorological Observatory and Beijing District Heating Group Company during the heating period of 2002—2003, offering the basis for real time heat dispatching. Systematic composition, research content and system running situation are emphatically introduced.
2005, 31(1):82-85.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.01.020
Abstract:
According to the meteorological archives and relative historical documents, the spatial distribution of meteorological stations, the meteorological observation time and observational methods as well as observational records in the modern times in China are analyzed. There will be an availably for understanding and using precious historical data and documents to research on Chinese climate and climate change.
According to the meteorological archives and relative historical documents, the spatial distribution of meteorological stations, the meteorological observation time and observational methods as well as observational records in the modern times in China are analyzed. There will be an availably for understanding and using precious historical data and documents to research on Chinese climate and climate change.
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ISSN:1000-0526 CN:11-2282/P