Abstract:The comparison between US NEXRAD and traditional radars in their warning capabality on local severe storms,tornadoes and flash flood is described. It shows that the warning capability is significantly improved with NEXRAD (WSR-88D) replacing the traditional weather radars (WSR-57). Although in China,tornado is much less frequent than that in US,a large improvement can be still expected in local severe storm warnings with the installation of new generation weather radar network.

Abstract:Based on the NCEP reanalyzed data,OLR and TRMM,the characteristic of the activities of summer southwest monsoon which influenced China in 2003 are analyzed. The establishment of South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) ,the movement of summer monsoon over China,the intensity of summer monsoon and the intraseasonal oscillation of SCSSM are discussed. The results show that the establishment of SCSSM was later than normal and the intensity was weaker than normal. The intra-seasonal oscillation of SCSSM played an important role in severe flood in the Huaihe region.

Abstract:Based on the observations of raindrop spectra of stratiform-cloud precipitation during October 17—20,2002 in Henan Province,the distribution of raindrop size,microphysics parameters and its fluctuation features in different sites are analyzed,and it is found that the relation between Z and I in this process is 98.4I⁰⁸ and the distribution of raindrop spectra is basically in accord with M-P distribution.

Abstract:Based on the data of air temperature,precipitation and evaporation at 16 meteorological stations in the headwater of the three-river-area from 1962 to 2001,the abnormal character of climate changes in recent 40 years and its effect on ecological environment are analyzed. The results show that air temperature appears to be an increasing tendency,precipitation is reducing and evaporation is increasing in the region. At the same time,arid climate and artificial activity leads to the hungriness of ecological environment,such as degenerating of the pastures,shrinking of the lakes,decrement of flow curve,deserting and losing of water and soil etc.

Abstract:The characteristics of precipitation,the surface air temperature,and drought damage in the summer,2002 are analyzed,and then the factors related with the climate characteristics of drought,such as the variation of atmospheric circulation,sea-surface temperature field,are investigated,respectively. It shows that the variation of both atmospheric circulation and sea-surface temperature field in winter would be important for predicting trends of drought/flood in next summer.

Abstract:Based on the data of annual and seasonal mean air temperature,minimum and maximum air temperature and precipitation at eleven meteorological stations in Hainan Island from 1961 to 2002,the climatic change of Hainan Island is analyzed. The linear trend estimation indicates that annual mean temperature,minimum and maximum temperature have an evident warming trend,especially the mean minimum air temperature. Except winter precipitation appears to be an evident increase trend,the other seasonal and annual precipitation appear to be a weak increase trend in the region. The precipitation of the south part appears to be an evident increase trend,the other regions appear to be a weak increase/decrease trend. Mann-kendall analysis shows that from the end of 1970's to the end of 1980's,annual mean and seasons air temperature appear to be a transition,the warming was more evident since 1980's. The periodic analysis shows that the main period of temperature and precipitation are about 2-to 5-year and 7-to 11- year.

Abstract:In order to provide the background of extreme weather/climate events for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,statistic and analysis of the probability and rule of high temperature,flood,gale,fog and etc. are made by using the data of the daily maximum temperature,precipitation,maximum mean wind and weather phenomena from the last ten days of July to the first ten days of September during 1951—2001.

Abstract:In the duration of Heihe region forest fire from the last dekad of September to the beginning of October,2002,the indifferent typhoon “sea Gauss”,combining together with surface systems,carried heavy rainfall. The analysis of the satellite images and radar echo and the typhoon special path is made to provide scientific basis for the artificial rainfall enhancement.

Abstract:Base on the technology of computer and scanner,with Viscal Basic 6.0,a plant leaf area calculation system LeafArea1.0 is developed. The errors are less than 2‰. It is an operational and application system easy to be used.

Abstract:A quality scored system of important weather prediction is introduced. The system not only can make the quality score of ordinary rainfall,heavy rainfall,snowstorm,hot weather,gale,sandstorm,hail,frost and very cold weather,but also can make quality for area weather prediction.

Abstract:The real-time test and evaluation system of short-range weather forecast in Shaoxing is introduced. The system is able to test and evaluate quickly the NWP products,the objective forecast methods and forecaster's subjective prediction. It is helpful for forecasters to know the correctness of the NWP products and the forecast methods,to test the capability of forecasters' error-correction in the NWP products and the forecast methods.

Abstract:Based on the data of temperature,precipitation,sunshine from 1961 to 1998 at 27 meteorological stations,the climatic variation characteristics of Shandong Province are analyzed and the productive potentialities of the winter wheat is calculated and analyzed. The result shows that the annual and quarterly average temperature of Shandong Province has a tendency to increase the production of winter wheat,the precipitation has a tendency to reduce. The warmer climate is stable to the improvement of the productive potentialities. The total variation tendency of the climate productive potentialities of the winter wheat is to rise,but smaller than that of sunshine.

Abstract:The relationship between variation and meteorological condition of atmospheric pollution in the Lanzhou City is analyzed for the period of 1961—2001 by using the observational data of smoke days. The results show that the pollution days are about 119—201 in 1961—1984,serious pollution is in 1985—1988,the mean annual pollution days are 224,obvious improvement is in 1996—2002,and the mean annual pollution days are 66. In a year,the main polluting periods are January and from November to December,and the rate of pollution days is 49 percent. In pollution days,the visibility has distinct daily variation,the shortest distance of visibility and the most serious pollution phase are from 11:00 to 14:00.