ISSN 1000-0526
CN 11-2282/P
CN 11-2282/P
Volume 28,Issue 12,2002 Table of Contents
2002, 28(12):3-5.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.001
Abstract:
The characteristics of geostatistics are described. The variograms technique and Kriging method for spatial interpolation and their application to meteorological studies are discussed.
The characteristics of geostatistics are described. The variograms technique and Kriging method for spatial interpolation and their application to meteorological studies are discussed.
2002, 28(12):6-10.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.002
Abstract:
Using the synoptic charts from 1965 to 1999,the explosive cyclones over Asia land and its coast are studied,some statistic characteristics,such as its spatial and temporal distribution, intensity changes,appearance time and so on,are obtained. In these years, there were 136 explosive cyclones,average 3.9 cyclones a year,but 11 cyclones in 1987. Most of them occurred in the cold season(Oct.-Mar.), The cyclone intensity which occurred over Asia and its coastal area were weaker than it occurred over ocean. Most of cyclones developed more strongly in night time. These results would have some significant role to investigate developmental mechanism of explo -sive cyclone.
Using the synoptic charts from 1965 to 1999,the explosive cyclones over Asia land and its coast are studied,some statistic characteristics,such as its spatial and temporal distribution, intensity changes,appearance time and so on,are obtained. In these years, there were 136 explosive cyclones,average 3.9 cyclones a year,but 11 cyclones in 1987. Most of them occurred in the cold season(Oct.-Mar.), The cyclone intensity which occurred over Asia and its coastal area were weaker than it occurred over ocean. Most of cyclones developed more strongly in night time. These results would have some significant role to investigate developmental mechanism of explo -sive cyclone.
2002, 28(12):11-14.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.003
Abstract:
Based on analysis of the climatic characteristics of the summer drought in 2001 and the investigation of the climatic features of drought/flood from 1739 to 2000 in the central and western area, from 1774 to 2000 in the eastern area in the Inner Mongolia,the change features of previous signals of summer drought in Inner Mongolia area are discussed. The results show that the severe summer drought in Inner Mongolia occurred in next year after the La Nina event, when the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex is stronger in the early winter but weaker in the late winter, Ockotsk high is stronger and the western Pacific high is weaker, lasting three to seven months, from May in former year to April, then, the Ockotsk high is weaker but the western Pacific high is stronger lasting two to six months. These characteristics can be taken for the signals of severe summer drought in Inner Mongolia.
Based on analysis of the climatic characteristics of the summer drought in 2001 and the investigation of the climatic features of drought/flood from 1739 to 2000 in the central and western area, from 1774 to 2000 in the eastern area in the Inner Mongolia,the change features of previous signals of summer drought in Inner Mongolia area are discussed. The results show that the severe summer drought in Inner Mongolia occurred in next year after the La Nina event, when the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex is stronger in the early winter but weaker in the late winter, Ockotsk high is stronger and the western Pacific high is weaker, lasting three to seven months, from May in former year to April, then, the Ockotsk high is weaker but the western Pacific high is stronger lasting two to six months. These characteristics can be taken for the signals of severe summer drought in Inner Mongolia.
2002, 28(12):15-20.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.004
Abstract:
Based on the data from 1961 to 2001 the basic patterns of the summer rainfall in Shandong and its relationships with,the North Hemisphere height of 500hPa,atmospheric circulation cha -racteristics, and the North Pacific SST are investigated respectively. The results show that there are strong signals in previous stage in the different patterns. Regarding the strong signals as main predictors and combining them with rainfall oscillation, a statistical prediction model of summer rainfall in shandong has been built. Finally, the prediction experiments are carried out.
Based on the data from 1961 to 2001 the basic patterns of the summer rainfall in Shandong and its relationships with,the North Hemisphere height of 500hPa,atmospheric circulation cha -racteristics, and the North Pacific SST are investigated respectively. The results show that there are strong signals in previous stage in the different patterns. Regarding the strong signals as main predictors and combining them with rainfall oscillation, a statistical prediction model of summer rainfall in shandong has been built. Finally, the prediction experiments are carried out.
2002, 28(12):20-23.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.005
Abstract:
According to ″the Temporary Regulations of the Examination and Management of Urban Air Quality Forecast in Meteorological Departments″, an assessment system on urban air quality forecast is set up. The system is suitable for the 47 key cities in environment protection. It is applied preliminarily in Wuhan. The result shows that the assessment standards are reasonable and the system works steadily.
According to ″the Temporary Regulations of the Examination and Management of Urban Air Quality Forecast in Meteorological Departments″, an assessment system on urban air quality forecast is set up. The system is suitable for the 47 key cities in environment protection. It is applied preliminarily in Wuhan. The result shows that the assessment standards are reasonable and the system works steadily.
2002, 28(12):24-27.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.006
Abstract:
Based on the numerical prediction products of MM5 mesoscale model, the precipitation prediction of the model during June to October of 2001 in Yunnan are assessed. The results show that the threat score (TS) of precipitation prediction from 0.1mm to 50mm is higher in most part of Yunnan, but the TS of heavy rain prediction is not satisfactory in this area.
Based on the numerical prediction products of MM5 mesoscale model, the precipitation prediction of the model during June to October of 2001 in Yunnan are assessed. The results show that the threat score (TS) of precipitation prediction from 0.1mm to 50mm is higher in most part of Yunnan, but the TS of heavy rain prediction is not satisfactory in this area.
2002, 28(12):27-29.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.007
Abstract:
The data set of the temperature and precipitation last 100 years in China are introduced, for example, the handling principle of the data set and special data, stock form and so on. This data set contains mean monthly temperature, mean monthly maxmum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature and monthly precipitation at 725 meteorological stations. It is Beijing station that has the most early records, which start from January 1841. It is Shanghai Longhua which has the longest and continuous record, the record are from January 1873 to December 2001. This data set′s end time is December 2001.
The data set of the temperature and precipitation last 100 years in China are introduced, for example, the handling principle of the data set and special data, stock form and so on. This data set contains mean monthly temperature, mean monthly maxmum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature and monthly precipitation at 725 meteorological stations. It is Beijing station that has the most early records, which start from January 1841. It is Shanghai Longhua which has the longest and continuous record, the record are from January 1873 to December 2001. This data set′s end time is December 2001.
2002, 28(12):30-32.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.008
Abstract:
By using of synoptic maps,satellite cloud images and NWP grid dataset,the characteristics of tropical cyclones over the northwestern Pacific and South China Sea in 2001 are summarized.The results show that the tropical cyclones in 2001 are less than normals,but the typhoons are more than normals.With an attempt to find the reason,analysis of climatic background is conducted,too.
By using of synoptic maps,satellite cloud images and NWP grid dataset,the characteristics of tropical cyclones over the northwestern Pacific and South China Sea in 2001 are summarized.The results show that the tropical cyclones in 2001 are less than normals,but the typhoons are more than normals.With an attempt to find the reason,analysis of climatic background is conducted,too.
2002, 28(12):33-39.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.009
Abstract:
Using the temperature and precipitation data of 30 meteorological stations in the period 1960-2000 over Qilian mountain area, the temporal and spatial variational characteristics of temperature and precipitation are analyzed with EOF and REOF methods. The results show temperature spatial variations have high consistency, the variance ratio contribution of the first principal component is about 75%. The consistency in summer is lower than other seasons. The first three rotated loading vector fields represent the principal characteristic of temperature variations: Hexi corridor, Qilian mountain and plateau, east of Qilian mountain. It is obvious that the temperature is getting warming from the middle of 1980′s over Qilian mountain, same as over the majority region of China, except east of Qilian mountain warming from later of 1990′s. The consistency of precipitation is not better than temperature, the variance ratio contribution of the first is about 30%, and higher than other seasons in the spring and autumn, about 50%. The precipitation spatial characteristic is divided into three parts: west of Hexi corridor, east of Qilian mountain, middle of Qilian mountain and Hexi corridor. The sectors are distinct in different seasons. The annual precipitation increased in 1980′s and 1990′s over the majority region of Qilian mountain,which is different from east of Northwest China, the increasement was obvious in summer. The trend was reserved in autumn.
Using the temperature and precipitation data of 30 meteorological stations in the period 1960-2000 over Qilian mountain area, the temporal and spatial variational characteristics of temperature and precipitation are analyzed with EOF and REOF methods. The results show temperature spatial variations have high consistency, the variance ratio contribution of the first principal component is about 75%. The consistency in summer is lower than other seasons. The first three rotated loading vector fields represent the principal characteristic of temperature variations: Hexi corridor, Qilian mountain and plateau, east of Qilian mountain. It is obvious that the temperature is getting warming from the middle of 1980′s over Qilian mountain, same as over the majority region of China, except east of Qilian mountain warming from later of 1990′s. The consistency of precipitation is not better than temperature, the variance ratio contribution of the first is about 30%, and higher than other seasons in the spring and autumn, about 50%. The precipitation spatial characteristic is divided into three parts: west of Hexi corridor, east of Qilian mountain, middle of Qilian mountain and Hexi corridor. The sectors are distinct in different seasons. The annual precipitation increased in 1980′s and 1990′s over the majority region of Qilian mountain,which is different from east of Northwest China, the increasement was obvious in summer. The trend was reserved in autumn.
2002, 28(12):40-42.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.010
Abstract:
After detailed analysis of summer heavy rainfall in Jinzhong, Shanxi Province from 1974 to 2000, it is pointed out that the northwest vortex (34-37°N, 95-103°E), and the southwest vortex (28-34°N, 93-97 °E) over 700hPa are the most original trigger mechanism of summer heavy rainfall in Jinzhong city. The vortexes, the high-and low-layer synoptic patterns, the vapor passage and the position of wind shear line could be taken for the factors to forecast heavy rainfall in this area.
After detailed analysis of summer heavy rainfall in Jinzhong, Shanxi Province from 1974 to 2000, it is pointed out that the northwest vortex (34-37°N, 95-103°E), and the southwest vortex (28-34°N, 93-97 °E) over 700hPa are the most original trigger mechanism of summer heavy rainfall in Jinzhong city. The vortexes, the high-and low-layer synoptic patterns, the vapor passage and the position of wind shear line could be taken for the factors to forecast heavy rainfall in this area.
2002, 28(12):43-46.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.011
Abstract:
A new type airborne thermograph is introduced.A platinum membrane Pt100 is used as sensor. The response time of the sensor is less than 0.1 second. The selected circuit element is examined closely. Design performance is excellent.It Works steady, no drift almost. The precision of the measurements is high. The maxmum error is less than 0.1℃ within the range from -20℃ to 40℃ after calibration in the National Center of Meteorological Metrology. In addition, it provides convenience for the operators due to dispose an application software with curve and number display on realtime as well as memory function.
A new type airborne thermograph is introduced.A platinum membrane Pt100 is used as sensor. The response time of the sensor is less than 0.1 second. The selected circuit element is examined closely. Design performance is excellent.It Works steady, no drift almost. The precision of the measurements is high. The maxmum error is less than 0.1℃ within the range from -20℃ to 40℃ after calibration in the National Center of Meteorological Metrology. In addition, it provides convenience for the operators due to dispose an application software with curve and number display on realtime as well as memory function.
2002, 28(12):47-50.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.012
Abstract:
Based on NOAA/AVHRR meteorological satellite operational data and GIS technology, a flood disaster remote sensing and rescuing system is built.It uses GIS software Arcview 3.1.When floods happen,the system can provide the best way to reach flood areas in time,to send relief goods,to save people and possessions.
Based on NOAA/AVHRR meteorological satellite operational data and GIS technology, a flood disaster remote sensing and rescuing system is built.It uses GIS software Arcview 3.1.When floods happen,the system can provide the best way to reach flood areas in time,to send relief goods,to save people and possessions.
2002, 28(12):50-52.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.12.013
Abstract:
Using the cyclostrophic wind equation of Rankine vortex, the vortex features of a tornado happened in Xixia county of Shandong Province are calculated. The maximum wind speed of a strong tornado, the maximum translatory velocity, the maximum tangential velocity, and the maximum atmospheric pressure drop are 62m·s-1,12m·s-1,50m·s-1 and 27.5hPa, respectively. The assessment of tornado′s destructibility is given.
Using the cyclostrophic wind equation of Rankine vortex, the vortex features of a tornado happened in Xixia county of Shandong Province are calculated. The maximum wind speed of a strong tornado, the maximum translatory velocity, the maximum tangential velocity, and the maximum atmospheric pressure drop are 62m·s-1,12m·s-1,50m·s-1 and 27.5hPa, respectively. The assessment of tornado′s destructibility is given.
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ISSN:1000-0526 CN:11-2282/P