ISSN 1000-0526
CN 11-2282/P
CN 11-2282/P
Volume 27,Issue 4,2001 Table of Contents
2001, 27(4):3-6.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.001
Abstract:
The current progress in studies of atmospheric ozone over Tibetan Plateau and preliminary observation of variations of total ozone over Tibetan plateau using NILUV ( a multi channel filter instrument ) in Lhasa and TOMS from 1996—1999 were described.
The current progress in studies of atmospheric ozone over Tibetan Plateau and preliminary observation of variations of total ozone over Tibetan plateau using NILUV ( a multi channel filter instrument ) in Lhasa and TOMS from 1996—1999 were described.
2001, 27(4):7-11.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.002
Abstract:
The CAPPS(City Air Pollution Prediction System) was used to simulate the air pollutant index of the primary air pollutants(SO2 NOx TSP) in Shijiazhuang City . The results show that the modification of time coefficient of pollutant emission ( Ti) and the experiential coefficient (Ki) should be added when it being used. It also needed to modify with the percent of raising dust (F) to the CAPPS in the cities of North China. The correlation coefficients between the predictions and the observations of SO2 , NOx and TSP were raised to 0.951 , 0.854 and 0.880 respectively after modifications by TiKi and F.
The CAPPS(City Air Pollution Prediction System) was used to simulate the air pollutant index of the primary air pollutants(SO2 NOx TSP) in Shijiazhuang City . The results show that the modification of time coefficient of pollutant emission ( Ti) and the experiential coefficient (Ki) should be added when it being used. It also needed to modify with the percent of raising dust (F) to the CAPPS in the cities of North China. The correlation coefficients between the predictions and the observations of SO2 , NOx and TSP were raised to 0.951 , 0.854 and 0.880 respectively after modifications by TiKi and F.
2001, 27(4):12-15.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.003
Abstract:
Because of the cold episold of SST in the east equatorial Pacific, the characteristics of the general circulation in the northern Hemisphere are as follows: the general circulations in the middle and high latitude of the northern Hemisphere are vicissitude of zonal and meridional cell; the west Pacific subtropical high is weaker, northward and eastward; the tropical convections are strong in winter and spring, and weak in summer; both the summer monsoon and the ITCZ are weak Under the influence of the climatic conditions, the typhoon is less than normal; the major rainband is located between the Yellow River and Yangtze River;drought in the north of Yellow River is severe.
Because of the cold episold of SST in the east equatorial Pacific, the characteristics of the general circulation in the northern Hemisphere are as follows: the general circulations in the middle and high latitude of the northern Hemisphere are vicissitude of zonal and meridional cell; the west Pacific subtropical high is weaker, northward and eastward; the tropical convections are strong in winter and spring, and weak in summer; both the summer monsoon and the ITCZ are weak Under the influence of the climatic conditions, the typhoon is less than normal; the major rainband is located between the Yellow River and Yangtze River;drought in the north of Yellow River is severe.
2001, 27(4):16-19.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.004
Abstract:
During 2000,Global climate continued warmer than normal. After the peak phase of the strong la Nina episode in the central and eastern Pacific at January 2000, began to weaken rapidly. The strong La Nina episode longer impacted on the world climate, especially in the tropical regions. In Northern Hemisphere cold weather affected many area in winter, while unusual hot weather occurred in summer. Worst high temperature and drought in the decades puzzled global. Continuously hit by storm rains in the many area of South Asia, West Europe, southern Africa, northern South America. Worst floods of the century occurred in the some areas.
During 2000,Global climate continued warmer than normal. After the peak phase of the strong la Nina episode in the central and eastern Pacific at January 2000, began to weaken rapidly. The strong La Nina episode longer impacted on the world climate, especially in the tropical regions. In Northern Hemisphere cold weather affected many area in winter, while unusual hot weather occurred in summer. Worst high temperature and drought in the decades puzzled global. Continuously hit by storm rains in the many area of South Asia, West Europe, southern Africa, northern South America. Worst floods of the century occurred in the some areas.
2001, 27(4):20-24.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.04.005
Abstract:
The chief climate characteristics in 2000 are as follows: in most parts of China,precipitation was less than or near the normal, droughts appeared throughout the nation, the northern part, in particular,suffered exceptionally severe drought that were seldom seen in spring and summer; in rainy season, no heavy rainfall and floods happened in extensive regions; in fall, continuous steady rain appeared south of the Huanghe River and Huaihe River. Temperature was near or higher than normal in most parts, with the sustainable warmer winter stopped changing, and the summer was hot. Sand storm and dust devil in spring in northern parts were extremely frequent. Less typhoons landed, severe convective weather,such as hails and tornadoes decreased obviously.
The chief climate characteristics in 2000 are as follows: in most parts of China,precipitation was less than or near the normal, droughts appeared throughout the nation, the northern part, in particular,suffered exceptionally severe drought that were seldom seen in spring and summer; in rainy season, no heavy rainfall and floods happened in extensive regions; in fall, continuous steady rain appeared south of the Huanghe River and Huaihe River. Temperature was near or higher than normal in most parts, with the sustainable warmer winter stopped changing, and the summer was hot. Sand storm and dust devil in spring in northern parts were extremely frequent. Less typhoons landed, severe convective weather,such as hails and tornadoes decreased obviously.
2001, 27(4):25-29.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.006
Abstract:
Based on diagnostic conceptual model of anomalous yearly frequency of tropical cyclone affecting East China, objective prediction models of yearly frequency of tropical cyclone affecting East China and Shanghai were constructed by using stepwise regression analysis. The prediction experiments were carried out and the results proved that the prediction models have predictive capacity.
Based on diagnostic conceptual model of anomalous yearly frequency of tropical cyclone affecting East China, objective prediction models of yearly frequency of tropical cyclone affecting East China and Shanghai were constructed by using stepwise regression analysis. The prediction experiments were carried out and the results proved that the prediction models have predictive capacity.
2001, 27(4):30-34.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.007
Abstract:
Based on a mathematical model of forest fire meteorological ranks in Fujian,and the analysis of the relations between forest fire and weather situation,a forecast expert system of forest fire weather ranks in Fujian was established.The system′s application in 1998—1999 gained some good results,and its economic benefit was evident.
Based on a mathematical model of forest fire meteorological ranks in Fujian,and the analysis of the relations between forest fire and weather situation,a forecast expert system of forest fire weather ranks in Fujian was established.The system′s application in 1998—1999 gained some good results,and its economic benefit was evident.
2001, 27(4):35-37.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.008
Abstract:
By using the grid dataset of wind field at 850hPa(24,48 and 72hour) of ECMWF model and real time dataset of objective wind field, the forecast capability of 850hPa wind and the weather systems of ECMWF model is tested for the 13 rainstorms processes causing the flood of Changjiang River basin from June to August of 1998. Results are in favor of understanding the numerical weather forecast products and correcting real time forecast operation, and improving the forecast ability for rainstorms as well.
By using the grid dataset of wind field at 850hPa(24,48 and 72hour) of ECMWF model and real time dataset of objective wind field, the forecast capability of 850hPa wind and the weather systems of ECMWF model is tested for the 13 rainstorms processes causing the flood of Changjiang River basin from June to August of 1998. Results are in favor of understanding the numerical weather forecast products and correcting real time forecast operation, and improving the forecast ability for rainstorms as well.
2001, 27(4):38-41.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.009
Abstract:
The reasons of heavy rainfall occurred over Changjiang River Basin in 1999 and 1998 summers are analyzed using Black-Body Temperature (TBB) from Japanese GMS.It is emphasized.The relationship between monsoon cloud surge interacting with subtropical high over South China Sea and heavy rainfall processes in South China and Changjiang River Basin.The results show that subtropical high moved northward and heavy rainfall occurred over South China when monsoon cloud surge onset;in contrast,subtropical high occupied South China and South China Sea and heavy rainfall presented over Changjiang River Basin as monsoon cloud surge broke.
The reasons of heavy rainfall occurred over Changjiang River Basin in 1999 and 1998 summers are analyzed using Black-Body Temperature (TBB) from Japanese GMS.It is emphasized.The relationship between monsoon cloud surge interacting with subtropical high over South China Sea and heavy rainfall processes in South China and Changjiang River Basin.The results show that subtropical high moved northward and heavy rainfall occurred over South China when monsoon cloud surge onset;in contrast,subtropical high occupied South China and South China Sea and heavy rainfall presented over Changjiang River Basin as monsoon cloud surge broke.
2001, 27(4):42-45.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.04.010
Abstract:
An analysis of the climatological characteristics of the days that windy and sand devil weather appeared at Tongliao, Nei Monggol is described. Meanwhile, the surface synoptic situations, general circulation, and the roles of various factors in the formation of windy and sand devil, are analyzed.
An analysis of the climatological characteristics of the days that windy and sand devil weather appeared at Tongliao, Nei Monggol is described. Meanwhile, the surface synoptic situations, general circulation, and the roles of various factors in the formation of windy and sand devil, are analyzed.
2001, 27(4):46-49.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.011
Abstract:
Using the volume scannings from 711 type digitized weather radar and telemetered data,the basic characters of precipitation caused by sheet cloud are obtained.by means of multi variate stepwise regression method,the catalyzing effect target (y=2.0mm·h-1) is obtained.The actual time guide on the cloud being catalyzed are analysed by using radar volume scannings.
Using the volume scannings from 711 type digitized weather radar and telemetered data,the basic characters of precipitation caused by sheet cloud are obtained.by means of multi variate stepwise regression method,the catalyzing effect target (y=2.0mm·h-1) is obtained.The actual time guide on the cloud being catalyzed are analysed by using radar volume scannings.
2001, 27(4):50-53.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.04.012
Abstract:
The influence of rainfall in spring and summer on reservoir water capacity was analyzed on basis of analysis of the climatic conditions of two large reservoir′s control valley and the water storage character.The best correlation between the rain in the valley and the water level in late spring and late summer was put forward.When the rainfall in April and May reach 550mm and 400mm,the water level of Hongfenghu and Wujingdu in late spring and May will reach the normal high level respectively,and when the rainfall reach 780mm and 500mm in July and August,the water level in late summer also reach the normal level.
The influence of rainfall in spring and summer on reservoir water capacity was analyzed on basis of analysis of the climatic conditions of two large reservoir′s control valley and the water storage character.The best correlation between the rain in the valley and the water level in late spring and late summer was put forward.When the rainfall in April and May reach 550mm and 400mm,the water level of Hongfenghu and Wujingdu in late spring and May will reach the normal high level respectively,and when the rainfall reach 780mm and 500mm in July and August,the water level in late summer also reach the normal level.
2001, 27(4):54-57.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.4.013
Abstract:
Ultraviolet radiation can be divided into three parts of the sun's radiation spectrum. The wavelengths of UV-A radiation range is from 320 to 400 nm. Ozone absorbs very little of this part of the UV spectrum. Ultraviolet-A radiation is needed by humans for the synthesis of vitamin D.However,UV-A causes photoaging (toughening of the skin),degradation of the immune system, and to a lesser degree, reddening of the skin and cataract formation. Ultraviolet B ranges in wavelength from 290 to 320 nm. Ozone absorbs much of the shorter wavelength radiation, but this absorption weakens as 320 nm is approached. Plants and animals are particularly affected by this part of the UV spectrum. Ultraviolet B can redden the skin (erythema) and reduce vitamin D synthesis in a short term and may cause skin cancer, cataracts, and may degrade the immune system in the long term. Ultraviolet C is characterized by wavelengths of less than 290 nm. Although highly dangerous to plants and animals, this part of the UV spectrum is completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone and does not reach the earth′s surface.
Ultraviolet radiation can be divided into three parts of the sun's radiation spectrum. The wavelengths of UV-A radiation range is from 320 to 400 nm. Ozone absorbs very little of this part of the UV spectrum. Ultraviolet-A radiation is needed by humans for the synthesis of vitamin D.However,UV-A causes photoaging (toughening of the skin),degradation of the immune system, and to a lesser degree, reddening of the skin and cataract formation. Ultraviolet B ranges in wavelength from 290 to 320 nm. Ozone absorbs much of the shorter wavelength radiation, but this absorption weakens as 320 nm is approached. Plants and animals are particularly affected by this part of the UV spectrum. Ultraviolet B can redden the skin (erythema) and reduce vitamin D synthesis in a short term and may cause skin cancer, cataracts, and may degrade the immune system in the long term. Ultraviolet C is characterized by wavelengths of less than 290 nm. Although highly dangerous to plants and animals, this part of the UV spectrum is completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone and does not reach the earth′s surface.
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ISSN:1000-0526 CN:11-2282/P