Abstract:A new method of Three Dimensions Nested used to reduce the accumulation of lateral boundary errors was introduced.The reason,the need to point out this method and its principle basement were expounded in details.The contrast experiments between the three Dimensions Nested and the Two Dimensions Nested were conducted.The results show that the Three dimensions Nested not only can help to reduce the accumulation of lateral boundary errors,but also can make the simulation of rainfall more accurate.

Abstract:Making objective prediction of temperature and precipitation with numerical weather prediction products,a common method is used in smoothing the numerical weather prediction product factors so as to filtrate noise.To compare smoothing factors with non smoothing ones,MOS forecast equations about daily extreme temperature and rainfall in 1—5 days at various Shandong weather stations were set up,with the two methods respectively and the use of T106 numerical weather prediction product data of during Jun.—Sep.from 1995 to 1997.The two prediction results during Jul.—Sep.in 1999 were tested.It shows that forecast effect of non smoothness management is superior to that of the smoothness management.

Abstract:Data of tropical storms and severe tropical storms and typhoons making landfall on China from 1890 to 1999 were used. With the technique of wavelet analysis, multi-time-scale features and links between the typhoon and ENSO were discussed.The result shows that typhoons making landfall in this part of the country take up 63% of the national total, being an average of 5 per year (10 at most and 1 at least). The landfall occurs mostly at periods of 15, 5 and 80 years, in which the 15-year period is the most prominent before the 1960's while the 5 year period is the main tone in the 1960s and afterwards. There is a close link between the frequency of typhoon appearance and the ENSO event and time of the year. There are much more typhoons in South China in resent years in which the La Nina phenomena first appear in summer, being generally 1.8 typhoons more than in the El Nino years. For years with anomalous more typhoons (defined so when the annual frequency ≥7), the La Nina year is also favored against the El Nino year by a margin of about 1/3.

Abstract:The influence of weather and climate variation on human activity was briefly described.Broader recognition and greater prominence to the vital contributions of volunteers to the socio economic development of nations are given.Perseverance and commitment of volunteers are honoured and encourage.

Abstract:A lot of data of elevation in different places of the shallow water of Nantong were obtained by fish exploring machine and GPS determining and tide correcting.An image which reflects landforms of Nantong was obtained by selecting from the many NOAA images on different channels and in different phases.Based on the image,grey scales corresponding to different places were obtained.By using classifying liner regression technique,liner regression equations were established between the elevation and grey scale,and the threshold values of grey scales of the different elevations were determined.According to the threshold values,the areas of the tidal zone above different elevations of the shallow water of Nantong were estimated.

Abstract:Products of monthly dynamic extended range forecast (DERF) on Three Gorges Engineering were evaluated by using three score methods.The skills of monthly DERF is generally better than that of persistence and climate forecast.The products of DERF can be used as a reference in the serve of Three Gorges Engineering.Furthermore,a blending method of dynamical and statistical approaches was presented,which has established a relationship between monthly precipitation anomaly and monthly circulation.The relationship between monthly precipitation forecast equation and its coefficients was determined by using 500hPa potential height anomaly of ensemble dynamical extended range forecast (DERF) and observed precipitation.The results show that the method is useful in forecasting monthly rainfall anomaly using potential height of ensemble DERF through precipitation forecast tests in 1999.

Abstract:The ultraviolet radiation for the public service usually abbreviated UVI, is to express the index as the solar noon erythemally weighted dose rate. UVI mainly depends on latitude, season, stratospheric ozone field, cloud-amount, height above sea level, SO₂ and aerosols et.al. Observation of surface sunny ultraviolet radiation is mainly done by the UV spectroradiometer and filter ultraviolet radiation meter.

Abstract:Introduce how to run the MICAPS system which linked into a Web page by using internet explorer smoothly.The method is that installing a HTTP server and designing some special CGI programs which can call the MICAPS system.

Abstract:There was a severe hail storm under the influence of mesoscale convective system in Weifang district,Shandong Province on April 23,1998.Based on the data obtained by the lightning location system,radar and satellite,the variation character of lightning in various periods of hail cloud forming and developing was studied.The results show that the number of lightning per five minutes is less than 20,and the positive lightning frequency is obviously smaller than the negative one in the periods of hail cloud forming and weakening.The lightning average value per five minutes is bigger than 20,and the positive lightning frequency is equivalent to the negative one in the mature stage.The positive one is temporarily bigger than the negative one just before the severe hail beginning.It is also found that the sudden increase of lightning frequency emerged in the 20—30 minutes before the hail fall beginning,while increasing rate is directly related to the intensity of hail storm.The moment of hail beginning is consistent to that of the maximum value of lightning emerging.

Abstract:By comparison of the data of Yunnan University and Kunming Observatory,it is found that the intensity of urban heat island and dry island in dry season and winter is bigger than that in rainy season and summer.The result shows that the daily variation of urban heat island is strong at night and weak during daytime.In dry season,the daily variation of urban dry island is strong at night and weak during dagtime.On the contrary,in rainy season,it weak at night and strong in day time.At the same time, some suggestions were given to the department concerned.

Abstract:The statistical analysis of the weather radar observation data was conducted.The features of the radar echoes of squall line from April to July each year (from 1972 to 1999) in Jiangxi province were revealed,e.g.spatial and time distribution,occurring location and moving track,relation with relief and echo parameter characteristics.The results are useful to the short time forecast for squally weather in warm sector.

Abstract:Dryness and weteness grades series during 1991—2000 in China are showed and the dry and wet distribution between 90s and 80s are compared.

Abstract:Some Problems in Automatic Weather Station building and operation in Fujian Province,e.g.lightning proof,measure detection and maintenance technology,were revealed,and the way that solves the problems was given.

Abstract:With an analysis on the statistics of maritime distress in Yantai sea area and meteorological datum involved,a general pattern of occurrence of the accidents as well as its relationship with the weather conditions were achieved,meanwhile the preventive measures were also proposed.