Abstract:A substantial review on the developments of the theoretic studies of Q vector and the results of its main application is conducted completely and systematically,along with a prospective study in this field.

Abstract:By using a high resolution limited area operational forecasting model,the comparative forecasting experiments were performed to study the role of downdrafts in cumulus convection. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Being relatively cool and moist, downdraft occurs mainly in middle and lower troposphere below 500 hPa during the period of deep convection development.(2)The downdrafts introdued have promoted the formation and development of deep cumulus clouds, which tend to warm and dry the cumulus environment more strongly at higher and more spatial levels. Consequently, the contributions of cumulus clouds to the large-scale environment thermodynamic and dynamic fields are modified.

Abstract:The lightning activities Beijing area were monitored with single station lightning detection system(M-LDARS)in summer of 1995—1997.The result shows that the relationship between diurnal variation of lightning frequency and severe convection weather.In the different weather types,such as hail or heavy rain,the proportions of ground flash and cloud flash aren't the same.The high amounts of cloud flash are attributed to the presence of hail,and a great deal of ground flash associated with the observations of heavy rain.

Abstract:The combined forecasting method was introduced to the research and application of climate prediction The characteristic of optimal weighted method was discussed The computed result shows that combined forecasting method can improve the reliability and accuracy of forecasting result.

Abstract:A severe convective storm was investigated by using more detailed data of satellite cloud pictures,Doppler radar and radiosondage observation.The combined pattern of convective cells with distinguishing feature and its vertical airflow structure were obtained.

Abstract:Through general analysis of the data of the plateau surface temperature,the tropic sea surface temperature and the Southern Hemisphere cyclones,four predictors were picked out experientially.The four factors are the Lhasa surface air temperature anomaly in January,the equator east west Pacific surface temperature gradient in April,the equator India Ocean surface temperature rising extent in April and the count of southern hemisphere low latitude cyclone in January.They can predict the serious waterlogging accurately during the early flood season in Guangxi.It′s pointed out that the plateau thermal regime;the tropic sea action and the atmosphere baroclinicity of the low latitude in Southern Hemisphere are the important factors that affect the rainfall of Guangxi during the early flood season.Also,the forecast and the physical mechanism were analyzed and discussed.

Abstract:The drought is cansing the reduction of crop yield for a large area and heavy economic losses in Shandong Province.Its factors are the inhomogeneous spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation,the decreasing flow capacity of the Yellow River and the increasing transpiration caused by higher temperature.Therefore,it is necessary to build water conservancy projects at top speed and to promote the technology of economizing water usage.

Abstract:The physical causes and the satellite cloud photograph features of 12 heavy snows occurred at Rugao city in Jiangsu Province from 1965 were analysed.The results show that heavy snow in spring is associated with strong cold wave, snow often occurs in the wet side of the dry wet interface, and the brightness temperature of heavy snow in water vapor photograph was lower in spring than in winter.

Abstract:The statistical value distribution and characteristic value of the pattern of precipitation enhancement were studied by using the statistic numerical modeling method.The results indicate that the statistical value of precipitation enhancement effect submits to normal distribution (the probability of normal fitting>0.70);the average of precipitation enhancement effect statistical value is correlative closely with precipitation enhancement effect (r>0.99,α<0.001),the equation of monadic linear regression is significant,the fiducial probability exceeds 99%.Therefore the precipitation enhancement effect can be calculated by way of the statistical value of statistics precipitation enhancement effect.

Abstract:The multi variate decision weighting method is applied to integrate five kinds of short range precipitation forecasting techniques in June-September over Zaozhuang of Shandong Province, and a more accurate and more objective probability prediction on three precipitation grades were obtained.

Abstract:The drawing method and principle of radar chart with iso-beam height (radar range chart) were described based on the practical experience.

Abstract:By generalizing the basic climatic features and analyzing various meteorological landscapes for Huangshan Area,Anhui Province,the optimum tourist seasons were concluded to two different purposes,which can be used as a tourist guide for relevant agencies and vast tourists.

Abstract:It is pointed out that the total milk yield is equal to the physiological milk yield plus nutrition milk yield and climate milk yield,that is,Y_total=Y₁+Y₂+Y₃.It is focused on the climate milk yield and nutrition milk yield. The result shows that the four factors,ie,monthly average vapour pressure,monthly average air temperature,monthly average lowest temperature and monthly average evaporation,have great effect on the climate milk yield.Meanwhile,the best conditions in the monthly average vapour pressure (1988),monthly average air temperature (1993),monthly average lowest temperature (1989) and monthly average evaporation (1988) are the most favourite for the climate milk yield .The cause of the low milk yield was given,that is,the milk production peak is postponed for 30 days.What’s more,if the seed amaranth can be planted to make up for the cow food shortage during July and August,there is a potential milk production increasement of 1 million kilograms.