Abstract:he global change studies in the United States are mainly supported by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). The four key global change issues of USGCRP are seasonal to interannual climate variability, climate change over decades to centuries, changes in ozone, UV radiation and atmospheric chemistry, changes in land cover and in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. At the current stage, water vapor and cloud remain to be the emphasis of global change research due to the great uncertainties in this aspect. Another focus is the detection and attribution of climate changes. The climate modeling keeps to be one of the main methodologies of global change studies. The application of satellite based observational data in global change studies has been made great progresses. In the coming years, the new research focuses of global change studies in the United States will be climate modeling, short term climate prediction, climate changes over decades to centuries, changes in ozone, UV radiation and atmospheric chemistry, changes in land cover, and in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, regional-scale estimates of global change, application of satellite data and national assessment of the consequences of climate change for the United States.

Abstract:o explore the coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean in ENSO events, the combination of 2 SST indices and 2 SOIs which are all beginning from 1880 are used to define the ENSO index. The 2 SSTs are SST of Nino C(i.e. 180°～90°W,0°～5°S, Angell,1981) and SST of Nino 3 (i.e. 160°E～90°W, 5°N～5°S, Cane et al., 1997), 2 SOIs are SOI of Ropelewski and Jones and SOI of Shi and Wang respectively. Then 32 "warm phase" ENSO events and 32 "cold phase" ENSO events in total are identified from spring 1880 through spring 1998. The intensity of each ENSO event was also classified.

Abstract:A method about the neural network long-tem forecast is studied by using the optimal subset. The results show that the neural network model established by the optimal subset is found of better fitting and prediction accuracy, because the method using the optimal subset can select out better factors than stepwise regression. Thus it provides a new line for the research of neural network prediction on long-term forecast.

Abstract:The Impact of climatic abnormal on energy demand is analysed and assessed through the impact of high temperature on electric supply system in Beijing in 1997's Summer.

Abstract:The statistical method was used to analysis the climatic yield of cotton and the climatic factors. The main precipitation factors and the water requirement index are obtained. According to the year's precipitation, the level of cotton yield damaged by drought can be assessed, then the assessment model of cotton yield damaged by drought was developed for the region and the province as well.

Abstract:A dynamic monitoring method of soil moisture in North China was described,according to heat inertia theory,and by using polarorbit satellite AVHRR data. Based on the synthetic analysis of soil moisture,rainfall,air temperature and assessment and early warning drought index suitable for North China during crop growing season was pointed out.The sensetivity and stability of integrated drought assessment and early warning system based on this index were improved significantly.

Abstract:The method for analyzing meteorological data based on imformation distribution is given. The experimental results show that objective law of meteorological data can be easily obtained by the method.

Abstract:pointed to the construct characteristics of tall building, the calculation and the correction of some meteorological parameteres related to heating and conditioning of tall building is studied so that scientific basis is proved to make sufficient use of climatic resources of tall building.

Abstract:A model of mean generating function prediction has been set up by analyzing characteristics of the monthly and seasonally change in the densities of four main pollution agents (SO₂, NO_X, CO,TSP)in Beijing city. The model fitting and forecast show that the model not only can fit the changing tendency of air pollution, but also can forecast air pollution density quite accurately.

Abstract:The design of Anhui Remote Sensing Operational System is given. Some functions, methods and interface designing are introduced with the application of VB5 and C++.

Abstract:The sea-surface temperature change in October along the eastern Pacific equator is obviously counter-correlation to the western Pacific ridge line of the subtropical high of the coming early summer (June); The sea-surface temperature annual change has a sensitively instructive meaning on the precipitation of the coming flood season in Qingdao area.

Abstract:The recent hundred-year data of meteorology, hydrology, geography, ecology environments were analyzed. It reveals the main reasons why the flood calamity aggravates, and suggests how to deal with the flood calamity according to works, ecology, weather modification, and other aspects.