Abstract:The weather forecast methods for tropical cyclone and torrential rain in routine operation in China were grouped into four categories: the weather conceptual model,the dynamic interpretation of numerical weather prediction products,the analogue method,and the application of SATEM and Radar echo data. The basic idea and brief progress for each of the methods are explained by using typical examples. Further more,the advantages and shortcomes in our operational weather forecasts are analized. The prospects of the field was also estimated based upon several well established long term plans and programmes.

Abstract:Analysis is carried out of the influence of underlying surface on boundary layer wind in Zhengzhou city,based on the surface and boundary layer data observed synchronously in the observation cite of city center and south suburbs meteorology observation station of Zhengzhou in the January and July 1993. Results show that there is a city system of winds,i.e.,city heat island circulation around Zhengzhou city,in the cloudless and small surface presure gradient condition. In the influence of city heat island sirculation,suburban surface wind is urbanward; under 800m,when wind over urban is westly,wind over south suburban is from its left flank at the same height and when wind over urban is eastly,wind over south suburban is from is right falnk; above 1200m,when it is westly,wind over south suburban is from its right flank.

Abstract:By using the Antarctic sea ice data and solenoid fields data of sea level pressure over the southern hemisphere,the remarkable influence of Antarctic sea ice variance on dryness and wetness during late flood season in South China are studied. The results show that the acting of total Antarctic sea ice,Weddell sea ice in growing season and maximum area of Ross sea ice are the most remarkable. The area of Ross sea ice in September is closely related with the west Pacific high from July to September next year. Subtropical high is acting the mediums between Antarctic sea ice and dryness wetness during late flood season in South China. The variable of dryness wetness may be one of the results of global short range climatic effect caused by Antarctic sea ice anomalies.

Abstract:The statistical characteristics of typically westward and northward 35 tropical lows,tropical storms,strong tropical storms and typhoons over the northwest Pacific during the period of July ～ November,1986～ 1996 were investigated through the data of meteorological and wave fields in meteorological report of ships. It was demonstrated that the distribution patterns of the wind field and wave field caused by typhoon were obviously different for various intensity of typhoon and associated various synoptic pattern. The statistical model of the wind field and wave field caused by typhoon was established based on the present analysis. This model is of the practical value for ship to avoid the unfavorable weather and oceanic conditions and is also meaningful to do better oceanic and meteorological routing service.

Abstract:Chemical Element Balance was applied to identify sources of the aerosol particles,in the city of Xi'an and Zaoyuan,in order to display total levels of contribution of the main sources to aerosols in Shaanxi province. The results show that 35%～60% of the aerosols came from soil dusts,15%～30% from coal ash,15%～25% from limestone and 4%～15% from refined dusts. The differences between contribution of sources to aerosols are consistent with activities of human beings and industrial exhaust.

Abstract:The climatic characteristics of the severe tropical cyclone activities over the Northwest Pacific and general circulation features of atmosphere and their relationship from 1951 to 1995 were statistically analysed. The results show that 1950s and 1960s were two periods of anomalous severe tropical cyclone activities. 1960s and 1970s were two periods of anomalous typhoon activities. It was pointed out that typhoons were well correlated with the subtropical high,the westerly circulation and the Qinghai Xizang Plateau index.

Abstract:The technique of TOVS satellite retrieval information collecting and processing,mainly included the retrieval data from NOAA polar orbiting satellite's multipath sounding information,which was auto received,resolved and processed by Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory,and the TOVS retrieval data received,processed by National Satellite Meteorological Center. The pretreatment technique and soft ware of TOVS data were developed to put into operational practice. It has practical value to each meteorological observatory in our country for receiving,processing and using the TOVS data with high resolution.

Abstract:The examination ,statistics and analysis for error distribution of TOVS data was conducted before appling TOVS data to operation. The areas which have little error were sellected to be the TOVS data areas of seeking and including forecasting factor. Then,an error correcting method was studied and designed. The results show that the error was decreased at single station through regression correcting and the quality of grid field was increased through calculus of variations analysis.

Abstract:The synoptic and climatic features of southwest strong wind in Liaoning province was analyzed with daily data in recent 10 years. The synoptic dynamic method was applied to research weather systems which cause southwest strong wind and some important physical predictors were found to be used in wind forecast. One prediction method was develpoed on the basis of T106L19 output products and was used in operational forecast. The results show that the forecast effect of the method is much better than that of subjective forecast.

Abstract:The weather system caused high tempreature in midsummer at Changsha City was investigated by using the historical data in 198～ 1990. Some important factors were sellected and their climatic probabilities were statistically analysed. The probability forecast method of high temperature at Changsha City was presented. The method was of satisfactory effect through the experimental use and test in 1996 and 1997.

Abstract:According to the index of human body comfort and considering the relationship between temperature and humidity,the best lowering range of temperature in air conditioned room without humidity lowered condition was studied,and the best temperature lowered and humidity lowered range in various place with temperature lowered and humidity lowered condition was calculated