Abstract:The variation features of total amount of water resource and the runoff as well as underground water level were studied through analysing the historical tendency,stage and periodicity of water resources in Shandong Province. The results showed that the interannual change was great and water resources decreased rapidly,especially the amount of runoff. Certain stages and periodicities existed in the variation of water resources. The changing regularity of precipitation and water resources was consistent in terms of the relations between them,but the influence of rainfall on water resources,especially underground water,were successive to some extent. The forecast made by mean generation function demonstrates that the total amount of water resources from 1998 to 2000 will be still less than usual and decline gradully year by year.

Abstract:The relationship between the planetary motion and El Nino was used to classify El Nino. It was found that some types of El Nino could cause the summer chilling damage (SCD) in northeast of China,but other types could not. Statistically,SCD happens easily in the next years when one of the three planetary (Mars,Jupiter,Saturn) was opposite to sun at the extreme negative value of helocentric celestial latitude,or in the years when Jupiter was opposite to sun at the extreme positive value of helocentric celestial latitude. A series of SCD can happen when Saturn moves ranging from 19 to 121 degress of celestial longtitude. The time that SCD will happen in future can be predicted.

Abstract:A review on the anthropogenic global warming,its associated car0bon cycle and feedback processes in the atmosphere and ocean was given.

Abstract:An operational system was described,which is designed mainly for quantitative analysis and application of GMS-5 satellite data. The system includes ten parts: the satellite data mapper,the satellite data processor,identification of satellite imagery,estimation of rainfall,cloud motion estimation,weather chart superposition,view of weather observations,analysis of route weather,demonstration of cartoon and satellite imagery print.

Abstract:Tlecommunications technique is one of the key actors for transmitting the site data reliably,timely and accurately in a medium scale automatic meteorological observation system. The Shenzhen medium scale automatic meteorological observation network technique solved a series of technical problems of collecting and processing data automatically in this control network system. The running result during the flood season this year shows that telecommunication subsystem meets the design requirement and has the business running ability.

Abstract:By means of the conventional meteorological data,radar and satellite detecting data,the climatic background and the potentiality of artificial precipitation in Fujian province during summer drought were analysed in order to provide the physical basis for precipitation enhancement. The results show that the conditions of artificial precipitation stimulation at two dry inland areas are better than those at two dry coastal areas.

Abstract:The satellite cloud picture,radar echo,the intensive observation and the conventional data were used to analyse a strong mesoscale convective weather process which happened between the northern Yellow Sea and Shandong Peninsula on the first day of July in 1996. The results show that the unstable energy,which was caused by the low temperature trough in the upper air and the ascending of temperature in low level and on the ground,is the formation condition of the strong convective system. Those factors,such as mesoscale convergence zone,meso cyclone,uneven heating near the surface and the convergence of land and sea breeze,prompt the development of the convective system. An important condition of the system developing is that the extraordinary energy is produced when the convective cloud clusters merge and enhance. The quasistatic state of the cloud cluster is the main reason for the rainstorm and the continued hailfall.

Abstract:Using the nearly centenary precipitation data in Beijing,analysed is the evolution of the different grades precipitation process during summer (June—August) and the relationship between the different grades precipitation process with the dryness and wetness in Beijing. The result showed that correlation between the torrential rain process during summer with drgness and wetnessin Beijing summer was very well,in other words,more or less of the torrential rain process during summer can directly show the dryness and wetness in Beijing. By analysis of the frequency of precipitation process appeared in the dryness years or wetness years,it is shown that the dryness and wetness had less relation to the number of precipitation process in summer,and more relation to the number and intensity of the torrential rain process. So the short range climate forecast of dryness or wetness must be related with the sort range climate forecast of the torrential rain process.

Abstract:Based on the station observational data at the plain area of Lixia River in Jiangsu province,the contribation of the underlying surface condition to Local temperature was analysed pointedly,when the influence of the geological factors to temperature was studied with the climatology temperature equation. The calculation equation of the local temperature was established. The calculated result was more consistent with reality because of adding the influence term of underlying surface.

Abstract:In the medium range forecasting system for heavy rain,the ECMWF 500hPa height predictions are corrected with Kalman filter method. The approach was put into the operational application in the summers of 1996 and 1997. The results show that the approach is effective and the forecast accuracy is improved. In this papper,the correction method is introduced,and experiments of correcting ECMWF 500hPa height predictions are made,the root mean square errors of uncorected and corrected 500hPa height predictions are analyzed and compared.

Abstract:The daily maximum wind forecast ahead 36h to 132h was given at Fangchenggang city in Guangxi Autonomy Region during the period from Nov. 1995 to Jan 1996 with the Kalman filter method. The forecast accuracy proved that the Kalman filter was mostly practical in the coastal wind forecast in winter.

Abstract:On the basis of experimental data collected from winter wheat field in Jingyang Agrometeorological Experimental Station of Shaanxi Province,soil volumetric thermal capacity and temperature conductivity were calculated,and the vertical and temporal changes of soil temperature were analyzed. Besides,the soil heat flux was estimated using Station Rule Method and Soil Volume Thermal Content Method respectively,the errors rising from both methods were compared and attempt to increase the accuracy was discussed.