ISSN 1000-0526
CN 11-2282/P
CN 11-2282/P
Volume 23,Issue 11,1997 Table of Contents
1997, 23(11):3-6.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.001
Abstract:
According to the treatises writen by David, Shunman and Sullivan, routine operation, verification procedures and evaluation of 33 years of Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting at the NMC U.S.A were reviewed. Verification graphs show steady improvements in forecast accuracy,especially for the longerrange forecasts, which in this context are those in the 24 — 60h range. During the 1960s the Threat Score (TS) for day-2 forecasts for 1 inch or more of precipitation was averaged approximately 0. 07. During recent years,that score has nearly doubled,and the 36 —60h period forecast in 1993 had a TS comparable to that for the 12 —36h period during the 1960s.
According to the treatises writen by David, Shunman and Sullivan, routine operation, verification procedures and evaluation of 33 years of Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting at the NMC U.S.A were reviewed. Verification graphs show steady improvements in forecast accuracy,especially for the longerrange forecasts, which in this context are those in the 24 — 60h range. During the 1960s the Threat Score (TS) for day-2 forecasts for 1 inch or more of precipitation was averaged approximately 0. 07. During recent years,that score has nearly doubled,and the 36 —60h period forecast in 1993 had a TS comparable to that for the 12 —36h period during the 1960s.
1997, 23(11):7-10.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.002
Abstract:
The Singular Spectrum Analysis(SSA) method is applied to the surface temperature field of southern China,in which a major low-frequency oscillation with period of 35 — 40 days is found. Calculation also identifies that SSA could not only recognize the oscillation component, but also an adaptive time filter.
The Singular Spectrum Analysis(SSA) method is applied to the surface temperature field of southern China,in which a major low-frequency oscillation with period of 35 — 40 days is found. Calculation also identifies that SSA could not only recognize the oscillation component, but also an adaptive time filter.
3 Application of Rain/Snow Enhancement Technology by Delivering Balloon Carried Agl Pyrotechnic Flare
1997, 23(11):11-13.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.003
Abstract:
Operational technology and economic benefit to enhance rain/snow by delivering balloon carried Agl pyrotechnic flare in Beijing area are described. Various technology to enhance rain/snow are compared. A series of experiments on this new device was made successfully in operations a- gainst drought in Beijing. This method is a substitute to rain/snov/ enhancement operation by plane.
Operational technology and economic benefit to enhance rain/snow by delivering balloon carried Agl pyrotechnic flare in Beijing area are described. Various technology to enhance rain/snow are compared. A series of experiments on this new device was made successfully in operations a- gainst drought in Beijing. This method is a substitute to rain/snov/ enhancement operation by plane.
1997, 23(11):14-17.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.004
Abstract:
Combined with the equipment installation in Shaanxi province of 9210 project (published by China Meteorological Administration) provincial control center of meteorological operational information was introduced with focus on composition and working principles of VSAT station, constituents and functions of computer network system.
Combined with the equipment installation in Shaanxi province of 9210 project (published by China Meteorological Administration) provincial control center of meteorological operational information was introduced with focus on composition and working principles of VSAT station, constituents and functions of computer network system.
1997, 23(11):18-21.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.005
Abstract:
A network function has been created recently through the modification of the receiving processing system of GMS satellite cloud images. It can be used directly by both local and remote workstations. Establishment of the system solved the problem of logging network on satellite data at different hours of the day automatically. It has been achieved by utilizing TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) advanced programming,inserting the interrupt service routine and forming a parallel time countering system in the computer to activate the interrupt. The new program is complied with Turbo C++ and assembly language and has been applied to practice at present.
A network function has been created recently through the modification of the receiving processing system of GMS satellite cloud images. It can be used directly by both local and remote workstations. Establishment of the system solved the problem of logging network on satellite data at different hours of the day automatically. It has been achieved by utilizing TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) advanced programming,inserting the interrupt service routine and forming a parallel time countering system in the computer to activate the interrupt. The new program is complied with Turbo C++ and assembly language and has been applied to practice at present.
1997, 23(11):22-26.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.006
Abstract:
The comprehensive technique is a man and computer interactive system for forecasting regional torrential rain in Huabei area,which is based on numerical precipitation prediction products of HLAFS,judged by diagnosis of meteorological elements and corrected step by step by using infrared satellite images,conventional meteorological data and NWP both domestic and abroad. Experimental study shows that this technique has a remarkable ability to identify and forecast torrential rain in Huabei Area. The main characteristics of the system are the following;first,it basically simulates the forecaster's thinking and work procedure to forecast torrential rain;second,as working step by step, the system has higher transparency and is convenient for further improvement and for forecaster to know the mechanism and law of torrential rain onset and development.
The comprehensive technique is a man and computer interactive system for forecasting regional torrential rain in Huabei area,which is based on numerical precipitation prediction products of HLAFS,judged by diagnosis of meteorological elements and corrected step by step by using infrared satellite images,conventional meteorological data and NWP both domestic and abroad. Experimental study shows that this technique has a remarkable ability to identify and forecast torrential rain in Huabei Area. The main characteristics of the system are the following;first,it basically simulates the forecaster's thinking and work procedure to forecast torrential rain;second,as working step by step, the system has higher transparency and is convenient for further improvement and for forecaster to know the mechanism and law of torrential rain onset and development.
1997, 23(11):27-31.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.007
Abstract:
Inversion of sea surface temperature (SST) with geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS) data has always been based on single infrared channel data. The wavelength of Japan GMS-5 infrared division window channel and of NOAA polar-orbiting weather satellite infrared channel show no difference. Beginning with the S-VISSR image position and data calibration and referring to multichannel SST(MCSST) technology of polar-orbiting satellite, the inversion of SST in 117. 140°E and 25°—45°N area is tried according to the GMS-5 data. Methods of inversion SST with GMS multichannel data are discussed.
Inversion of sea surface temperature (SST) with geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS) data has always been based on single infrared channel data. The wavelength of Japan GMS-5 infrared division window channel and of NOAA polar-orbiting weather satellite infrared channel show no difference. Beginning with the S-VISSR image position and data calibration and referring to multichannel SST(MCSST) technology of polar-orbiting satellite, the inversion of SST in 117. 140°E and 25°—45°N area is tried according to the GMS-5 data. Methods of inversion SST with GMS multichannel data are discussed.
1997, 23(11):32-35.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.008
Abstract:
The radiation budget of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolis) forest was studied. The ratio of the components of radiation budget to the global radiation in the spruce forest crown was given, that is 12. 07% for the reflection,29. 46% for the long wave net radiation,and 58.47% for net radiation. The relationship between the components and the global radiation is a linear correlation. The global radiation within the forest crown decreases by 71-02% than that out of the forest. Amplitude of net radiation in the forest is less than that within the plant crown.
The radiation budget of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolis) forest was studied. The ratio of the components of radiation budget to the global radiation in the spruce forest crown was given, that is 12. 07% for the reflection,29. 46% for the long wave net radiation,and 58.47% for net radiation. The relationship between the components and the global radiation is a linear correlation. The global radiation within the forest crown decreases by 71-02% than that out of the forest. Amplitude of net radiation in the forest is less than that within the plant crown.
1997, 23(11):36-38.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.009
Abstract:
Based on the data from 1970 to 1995,the circulation patterns producing torrential rain have been divided using F distinction and the indicators for forecasting rainstorm areas and intensity have been chosen and the forecasting method for torrential rain areas and intensity is developed. The method is useful in routine operation and forecasting ability for torrential rain was improved.
Based on the data from 1970 to 1995,the circulation patterns producing torrential rain have been divided using F distinction and the indicators for forecasting rainstorm areas and intensity have been chosen and the forecasting method for torrential rain areas and intensity is developed. The method is useful in routine operation and forecasting ability for torrential rain was improved.
1997, 23(11):39-41.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.010
Abstract:
Based on the national rules about the heating climatic condition (the daily mean temperature ≤5℃),the average temperature of January and winter was calculated from 1987 to 1997,and the comparison with normal defined by from 1961 to 1990 was given. The heating climatic indicators such as the days of the average temperature≤ 5℃ and the variation value of the negative accumulated temperature can be used to analyse the impact of warm winter on the energy consumption.
Based on the national rules about the heating climatic condition (the daily mean temperature ≤5℃),the average temperature of January and winter was calculated from 1987 to 1997,and the comparison with normal defined by from 1961 to 1990 was given. The heating climatic indicators such as the days of the average temperature≤ 5℃ and the variation value of the negative accumulated temperature can be used to analyse the impact of warm winter on the energy consumption.
1997, 23(11):42-45.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.011
Abstract:
After a last severe precipitation pre-flood season (rainy season),the subtropical high is always stable, and its position is over Fujian province. The less rainy period named by summer drought begins. The climatic features, activity pattern and formation of the last severe precipitation are studied,and forecasting the last severe precipitation is of significance.
After a last severe precipitation pre-flood season (rainy season),the subtropical high is always stable, and its position is over Fujian province. The less rainy period named by summer drought begins. The climatic features, activity pattern and formation of the last severe precipitation are studied,and forecasting the last severe precipitation is of significance.
1997, 23(11):46-51.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.012
Abstract:
Analysis was made of the digitized radar echoes associated with a cold vortex that caused twice severe convective weather over the Yellow River delta. Compasison and contrast were made among those hail storms and rain storms. It is presented that the results would be useful to now-casting the severe convective weather and hail suppression.
Analysis was made of the digitized radar echoes associated with a cold vortex that caused twice severe convective weather over the Yellow River delta. Compasison and contrast were made among those hail storms and rain storms. It is presented that the results would be useful to now-casting the severe convective weather and hail suppression.
1997, 23(11):52-54.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.013
Abstract:
In view of the male and female rice being sensitive to the clear and rainy weather in hybrid rice breeding,the continuous overcast or rainy weather that lasting 3 days or more is studied in terms of probability distribution by using the rainfall data (1961 — 1996) of Jianyang city. And the probability of occurance of overcast or rainy weather mentioned above during a period of ten days is also studied similarly. The best period of hybrid rice breeding in Northern Fujian is then settled.
In view of the male and female rice being sensitive to the clear and rainy weather in hybrid rice breeding,the continuous overcast or rainy weather that lasting 3 days or more is studied in terms of probability distribution by using the rainfall data (1961 — 1996) of Jianyang city. And the probability of occurance of overcast or rainy weather mentioned above during a period of ten days is also studied similarly. The best period of hybrid rice breeding in Northern Fujian is then settled.
1997, 23(11):55-56.
DOI: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1997.11.014
Abstract:
Considering the characteristics of four spots and the scale of weather system associated with observations, an actual and operational new technic of weather forecast for four spots is developed. Based on weather forecast of adjacent weather stations,through sampling contrast observation between two spots,the difference between their elements can be found out the amendments are given. The accuracy of weather forecast for four spots has been improved.
Considering the characteristics of four spots and the scale of weather system associated with observations, an actual and operational new technic of weather forecast for four spots is developed. Based on weather forecast of adjacent weather stations,through sampling contrast observation between two spots,the difference between their elements can be found out the amendments are given. The accuracy of weather forecast for four spots has been improved.
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ISSN:1000-0526 CN:11-2282/P