Abstract:The onedimensional timeindependent cumulus model is used to compute the hail size.By means of the sounding data at 07 o'clock as input,the altitude and temperature of the cumulus top,the altitude of the cumulus base,the altitude of 0℃ level in cumulus,the distributions of temperature and vertical velocity of upward current and the water content in cumulus can be given.We calculate the growing and melting of hail and forecast the maximum hail size as it falling on the ground.Comparison of forecast and measurement of the maximum hail size make us satisfied.It indicates that using this model to forecast the maximum hailstone size is feasible.This provides a method of hail forecasting.

Abstract:Dmethod of digitization of map information was mathematically conducted and a computer programme was developed,according to the coordinate systems in cylinder and cone map projections.The method is a key technique in digitization of map information with large or middle scales and has been proved more effective and convenient in satellite remote sensing practices.

Abstract:Based on the more complete historical data of tropical cyclones,the tropical cyclones were diagnosed,which influences the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in the past over 100 years,and the tropical cyclones referral system was set up,which serves for prediction and research of tropical cyclones,safe production on sea,operation,policy decision,and preventing disasters and reducing disasters.

Abstract:The approach for forecasting relative humidity for cities by Modified Direct Model Output(MDMO)is presented.The MDMO is not a kind of statistical means and does not use any historical data from the numerical weather prediction model or from the observation.The M-DMO forecast is based on the 2-meter relative humidity forecast on grids form model T106,which is the current operational model in National Meteorological Center of China and developed from the previous model T63.The relative humidity forecast for 264 cities across China is made by computer going through reading the model forecast into the M-DMO system,interpolating in nonlinear formula the forecast values from grids onto cities,reducing the systematic errors of the model forecast,and modifying the difference in relative humidity between the maximum and the minimum on the initial day.The final relative humidity forecast checked and revised by weather forecaster on duty for the ten specific cities including Beijing,Shanghai,and Hong Kong has been shown on CCTV at night every day since June 20,1996.

Abstract:On August 3 and 4,1996,Typhoon 9608 made continuous great rainstorm and exceptional rainstorm in south area of Hebei province,and caused very serious economic and personal loss.In advance,I forecasted on the extensive consultation of National Meteorological Center at 16:00,August 1: the Typhoon 9608 which had landed in Fujian province would move to north;on August 3 and 4,the east area of China would continously locate in superposed area of three gravitational wave resonance and one depressed tidegenerating force′s resonance,at that time if the typhoon is in the east of 110°E,the daily maximum rainfall of hydrometric station would get more than 500mm on that day,and the one of national station would also 200-300mm.The fact accorded with this forecast.The analysis shows:in August 1-4,after this typhoon landed,there was a inverted trough in its north side continously,and a westerly trough moved to east in Eastern Asia.In August 3-4,on the pumping effect of continous depressed tidegenerating force′s resonance,the inverted trough and westerly trough quickened to merge,and cold air and warm air joined,it promoted potential instability energy strongly release and led to exceptional rainstrom.This successful forecast proved once more that the abnormal superposition of depressed tidegenerating force′s resonance combined with interal condition of atmosphere is really a effective way to forecast exceptional rainstorm.

Abstract:Thy interpolating short range forecast rainfall value of the National Meteorology Center's T63 and HLAFS,and Wuhan Regional Meteorology Center′s MAPS to the subordinate 7 observatory stations respectively,and using the Grey Prediction Model,24 hours rainfall scale forecast on county level in Xiaogan city in summer was conducted.After the operational application at summer in 1996,it was shown that the quality of general rainfall scale forecast on county level was higher,and the capability of heavy rain area and site forecast was reliable.

Abstract:The method for judging the nature and finding out the origin of interference in LS band without professional instruments is introduced.Correct decision can be available on basis of estimation of interference intensity and analysis of carrier frequency band.Some feasible ways for solving the interference are also suggested by introducing the calculation and analysis methods.

Abstract:The analysis results showed that after Typhoon 9608 landed on Fujian and moved northwestward,the enhance of the southeast wind and southwest wind at the east side of the typhoon,the warm moisture shear line formed over,southern Fujian,the descend of north wind at typhoon′s west side moving southward and then the enhanced moisture baroclinic front zone in southern Fujian,provided the favourable conditions for developing the mesoscale convective cloud cluster The involement of a dry tongue from northwest of the typhoon and moving southward,the small and mesoscale convergence system at surface,the surface mesoscale energy frontal zone and the special topography at southern Fujian all enhanced the development of convective cloud cluster.

Abstract:The torrential rain had happened in the southwest of Hebei province on August 3-5 in 1996.This torrential rain was resulted from the interaction of the landed typhoon 9608 low,subtropical high and weak cold air from northeast.Because of cold air diffused toward the typhoon low,the wet baroclinic front was generated.Then,three mesoscale convective cloud cluster were generated,developed at the north of typhoon low.

Abstract:A preliminary of the continued heavy rain in Shandong povince during 14-17 August 1995 is made.It is shown that semitropical cyclone plays a role in heavy rain in Shandong.The physical mechanism of the heavy rain in semitropical cyclone is revealed further.

Abstract:By use of a model,the quantitiy of expendable ice for Safely transporting three vegetables in winter and spring were evaluated according to the data of 39 deliveried stations in North China,North East China and North West China ,6 common carraiges,traditional keeping fresh measures and the meteorological conditions of the stations along the railway.Also a sample is analysed and demonstrated.It provides the scientific basis for the production and transportation departments to determine the guantity of expendable ice.

Abstract:The shortage of CO₂ is one of the important factors affecting vegetables production in the greenhouse or shed.There are many methods of artificial adding CO₂ into the greenhouse or shed,but there are a lot of defects.On the basic of the actual situation of the greenhiuse or shed,a new type of chemical preparation of the high efficient solid gasfertilizer has been manufactured.The experimental results show that solid gasfertilizer enables vegerables to increase production by 25%,input/output value ratio is about 1∶6,it has peculiarity of social benefits of nonpollution,and it had a favourable reception of peasants.