Abstract:The characteristic and performance of the operational medium range numerical weather prediction models is described, abroad which widely used by forecasters and have a very good reputation in China, such as ECMWF,NMC(USA) ,JMA. It mainly includes the Semi-Lagrangian time integration scheme receiving most attention at this time, the improvement of the physical parameterization package, etc. The outlook of the global model in the future is given.

Abstract:On the basis of mathematical-ecological theory and in the form of nonlinear density restriction, a series of models describing the changes of ear-kernel structure and total dry matter weight were designed and studied, in which the parameters were the impact of meteorological conditions.

Abstract:By using S-VISSR, regular synopic and numerical product data, an Yellow River cyclone process during 24—26 June, 1994, was analysed. The effect of condition of environment field and inter-action among different scale cloud clusters upon cyclone was mainly discussed. The mesoscale cloud cluster development, evolution and mesoscale feature of cyclone precipitation were given. The composite model of cyclone genesis and development was generalized.

Abstract:The PC-based TOVS data processing system developed by National Satellite Meteorology Center can process the atmospheric vertical sounder (TOVS) data in real time for the polar meteorological satellites and generate a variety of digital and graphical products, such as atmospheric temperature and moisture profile,geopotential height, thermal wind,total precipitable water vapor amount,outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) ,total ozone amount,TOVS water vapor images and so on. RMS errors is about 2.5K for atmospheric temperature profile,25% for water vapor profile. Because of the larger coverage of the meteorological satellites and the more frequency of satellite observations,TOVS products may be more useful to the regions that lack conventional data, such as the ocean,the plateau,the desert and so on.

Abstract:In order to tackle some problems recently arising in estimating the economical benefits of meteorological services in China,seven fundamental concepts are proposed and clarified. These concepts may be confusing for those who are not quite familiar with the general decision-making theory, and any misunderstanding of them would lead to the loss of propriety and objectivity of the estimation.

Abstract:By using both the surface meteorological data and the low-layer sounding data in Huhhot City from 1981 to 1990,the wind field and temperature inversion features are analysed. The change of meteorological elements such as temperature,humidity,wind speed,sunshine as well as smoky fog in both the urban area and the suburbs are also analyzed and further contrasted. As a result, the climatic feature of the city is revealed and a reasonable advice on making a general plan of the city construction according to the climatic and meteorological conditions is given.

Abstract:The subtropical high features, air temperature and precipitation data during period from 1951 to 1995 are analysed. The persistently strong subtropical high has existed for a few years. The effect of this phenomenon on the weather and climate in Fujian Province is studied.

Abstract:Because of banking process of cold air,the strong barometric gradient wind was produced, the pressure of ground rised very fast and brought about strong allobaric wind, and upper momentum ahead of ridge of cold high pressure transfered toward the ground,which yields strong momentum wind. The three winds make the strong gale of "951107" cold wave. It is very rarely that the gale influences so large area and lasts for so long time.

Abstract:The air temperature tendency at Fuzhou city in near 40 years was analysed. The climatic conditions in Fuzhou urban and suburban areas were compared. The results show that there are some urban effects, such as heat island, rain island, dry island and turbid island in Fuzhou city, and there are also some negative effects of fog and thunderstorm. The causes of these effects were discussed.

Abstract:Based on the short-range forecasting, the meteorological satellite infrared digital data was quantitatively processed and statistically analysed,the rainfall estimation was given. According to the motion and propagating feature of the precipitaton cloud systems,combined with the weather system classification and the radar echo data,a 0 — 3 hours nowcasting method of the heavy precipitation was described. It may be used to forecast rainfall in the regions of the Miyun Reservoir of Beijing and upper reaches of Chao River and Bai River.

Abstract:Based on correlation analysis of the date,after which the mean daily temperature is increasing steadily to above 12℃ in the Southwest of Shandong Province, with the dataset of northern 500hPa monthly mean height, it is found that there are some areas over which the height has close correlation with the date. By selected factors from those areas and usage of principal component analysis to compose the factors,the forecast equation was obtained. The equation was proved useful.