Abstract:Using platina, copper, thermosensitive resistors as sensors together with telemetering instruments ground tepmerature is measured and compared with that measured with standard glass ground thermometers under different weather conditions and sensor disposition. The best temperature observation method for ground and grass surface and at different depth under ground is discussed.The conclusion is that ground temperature should be measured by stick-shaped sensors of small size and,single point sampling should be substituted by averaged multiple point sampling.There is no obvious difference between directly buried and tubed buried. Grass temperature is of great importance to the argriculture service.

Abstract:The instrumental meteorological observation over the Antarctic has started since the end of last century by early expeditions. The early temperature records,however,are confined mainly to a few coastal regions and.somewhat irregularly spaced in time. So it is difficult to generalize temperature series for the entire continental area. Despite this, they are precious and vital when we consider the response of this remote continent in the global change over the past century.The International Geophysical Year (IGY, 1957 - 1958) marked the great improvement of the observed meteorological data over the Antarctic. Since it is possible to establish a continuus temperature record for the whole continent.The temperature trend in the last 100 years in the Antarctic can be estimated by comparing the temperature record prior to the IGY with the continuous record since IGY. The conclusion is that Antarctic air temperatures appear to be warmer,by at least 1℃,than those prevailing during the turn of last century.

Abstract:Based on the diffuse solar radiation data of 64 solar radiation observatories from 1971 to 1985,the correlation coefficients between the total cloud cover, relative sunshine and the diffuse solar radiation are calculated. Then the experimental equation is established as the following:D=Q0(s1+0.01) (a+bN), where Q0 is the extraterrestrial radiation, s1 is the relative sunshine, N is the total cloud cover,a and b are experimental constants and Dn is the net diffuse solar radiation that is given by Dn=D/ (s1+0.01). The net diffuse solar radiation is the diffuse solar radiation of unit relative sunshine. With the experimental equation,diffuse solar radiations for more than 200 places where none of the solar radiation observation is calculated. Last,the distributions of monthly diffuse solar radiation in China is discussed.

Abstract:Through analysis of correlations between the Arctic ice area and indicatrixes of Meiyu over the Middle and Lower reaches of Changjiang River,it is found that the Arctic ice has premonitory for the Meiyu forcast in the following 3-5 years and there is a significant teleconnection between the Meiyu and the one-year-lag Arctic ice area: It shows the interation between the Arctic ice and the general circulation over Asia,however,it demonstrates climatic predictibility.

Abstract:Surface minimum temperature has become a new forecast cement,which is expected by agriculture, irrigation works, architecture, traffic etc. Therefore, based on the surface minimum temperature observations from 1988 to 1992,its climatic features are analysed, the weather patterns are divided, and a ridge regression model is developed.

Abstract:A forecasting system of heavy snow with 23 year's data from 1970 to 1992 is developed. An objective analysis is used. Two heavy snow processes are successfully forecasted in routine operation in 1993.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of twenty-seven non-local heavy rainstorm events in the Hubei Meiyu period, general features and effects of synoptic scale and subsynoptic scale are summarieds. Two kinds of circulation patterns are induced with dynamic analysis. Combined with the analysis of physical parameters,two kinds of conceptual models of typical regional heavy rainstorm systems about strong frontal zone and warm vortex are found.

Abstract:With an objective method of fog forecasting, a fog forecasting automatic system is developed. The results show that the forecasting method has a certain ability to forecast the fog over the Anhui and the lower reaches of the Changjiang River.

Abstract:Through Multi-level recurrence iteration for historical samples of small-probability events,inducted sample numbers are progressively varied to win weight function. An equable statistical model is developed with this method. The model contained more information and converged faster. It overcomes the limitation of annual statistical model. This has obviously increased the capability in application of the objective forecasting model to the calamitous weather.

Abstract:DECIDE 2 is a sort of highly efficient application software. It can choose the best factor from numerous examples. It can extract the forecast experience factor and make some applied climatology analysis from history data. This software is written in C programming language, with good user scale, easy operation.

Abstract:Based on the phenological and meteorological data of several decades about naked oats planted on the Wulanchabu league of inner Mongolia,the meteorological conditions required by naked oats are analysed in details. The optimum coordinating index of radiation. temperature and water to get high yields of naked oats is given.

Abstract:The analysis of factor screening is done by the correlation between the increment progressively of ten-days growth height of sugarcane and meteorological factors. In the dry-hot river valley of Jinshajiang with very great daily range of temperature, the influence of surface minimum temperature on the growth speed of sugarcane is maximum. During rush growth period in summer, its growth speed has also close correlation with previous three pentad's rainfall amount, but its correlation with sunshine is minimum. Therefore, when making agricultural comprehensive exploitation of dry-hot river valley of Hengduan mountain area in Southwest China, we not only consider the sunshine condition and pay attention to the improvement of agricultural irrigation condition but also pay great attention to the influences of some climatic features such as temperature condition on agricultural production.

Abstract:The sunlight rays can cause browning during the storage of peach juice. When the accumulative value of sunlight rays intensity reaches upto 0. 9-0. 99 mition Lux·h, the browning of peach juice could be to the extent of about 70%. The sunlight may act as a "catalyzer" during the entire reaction course.