Abstract:The definition, synopsis and development of climate model and simulation is sum-marzed in this paper. The basic feature of several types of model, such as energy-equilibrium model, radiative-convective model, general circulation model (GCM). random model and so on, are described. Twoexamples, i. e. the experiment of atmospheric warming due to increasing CO2 by using GCM and the studyo nc lima tic chan ge and predictability with the mechanism model, is given in order to explain two major approaches of the climate simulation at present.

Abstract:According to the practice, we have re-definited and analysed the 13 MCC, that occured during Huanan quasi- stationary front. In this paper the large scale synoptic situation and the features of their satellite image. rainfall area, dynamical and thermal structure have been described.

Abstract:The size distribution and distribution function of ice crystals within mixed and cold cloud in Inner-Mongolia, Shan Xi, and Xin Jiang region were given. The size distribution of ice crystals may be classified to mono-decreasing type and non-mono-decreasing type. The size distribution function may be fitted with exponential for-mulaN (D)=N0exp (-XD). Samples of correlation significance level α<0.01 hold 99% or more of total samples. Within cold cloud distribution parameters N0 and λ increase with cloud temperature decreases. While at T<-10℃ layer, N0and λ increase apparently. We proposed the correlation relation between the N0and λ in the form of N=σλβ.

Abstract:In this paper, two simple calculating formulas of instability energy of atmospheric stratification, suitable for the air parcel carrying water during its reversible saturation-adiabatic asecending process and the air parcel without water during its pseudo-adiabatic asecending process,are presented.

Abstract:This paper presents the method of retrieving shelter (or surface) temperature from TOVS sounding data by using the multiplelinear regression technique and shows the results obtained from NOAA-9 TOVS data for three days from Aug. 22 to 24, 1986. Comparisons are made of the retrieved results with the conventional observed shelter temperatures, and shows that the absolute mean bias is about 2.8℃ for the entire region (60-20°N, 75-150°E>.