ISSN 1000-0526
CN 11-2282/P
CN 11-2282/P
Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation in Northen Hemisphere in the 2025/2026 Winter and Its Impact on Weather and Climate of China
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Abstract:
Using station observation data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, this study analyzes the main climatic characteristics, large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies, and East Asian winter monsoon features in China during the winter of 2025/2026, with a focus on the causes of the abnormally active dust weather in February. The results show that in the winter of 2025/2026, the average temperature was –1.5°C, which was 1.5°C higher than the climatological average, ranking as the second highest for the same period since 1961. The average precipitation was 27.4 mm, 35.3% below the climatological average, with a spatial distribution characterized by more precipitation in the north and less in the south. The 500 hPa geopotential height field over the mid–high latitudes of Eurasia were dominated by zonal circulation, with relatively straight westerly isohypses, and the East Asian winter monsoon intensity was weaker than normal. During the winter, a total of six dust weather processes affected China, which was 4.2 more than the climatological average (1.8). Among them, there were three dust storm processes, 2.7 more than the climatological average (0.3), and the number of dust days reached 7.7, the highest for winter since 1991. The cause analysis indicates that the dust source regions experienced significant warm and dry conditions, with below-average precipitation and above-average temperatures, leading to low vegetation coverage and a substantial reduction in surface resistance to wind erosion, thereby providing abundant material conditions for dust storms. Against this background, the synergistic effect of strong cold air and the Mongolian cyclone generated a large pressure gradient and triggered extreme gale winds, which, combined with enhanced thermal lifting due to large temperature differences between upper and lower levels, resulted in large a。mounts of dust being lifted into the atmosphere and transported downstream. Global climate warming has further exacerbated the drying trend in the dust source regions, increasing the frequency of the superposition of such warm-dry conditions
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Project Supported:
National Science and Technology Major Project on Integrated Environmental Governance of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region (No. 2025ZD1204800)，National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2024YFC3013100)，Meteorology Joint Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U2442207)，China Meteorological Administration Innovation and Development Special Project (No. CXFZ2024J004)，Research Project of China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. (No. 2423020054)，
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