Aviation turbulence is one of the most prevalent phenomena affecting aircraft flight safety, characterized by complex causes and significant difficulties in detecting and warning. Based on a systematic review of the research progress at home and abroad, we conduct a comprehensive commentary on the following four key aspects: the definition and causes of aircraft turbulence, the turbulence indices, the impact of turbulence on flight, and the turbulence detection and warning technology. It is found that there have been great research achievements made, which are helpful for understanding the formation of aircraft turbulence and enhancing the capability of detecting and forecasting the turbulence, but many scientific challenges still remain. The challenges include the in-depth exploration of multi-domain interaction mechanisms of aircraft turbulence formation, the application and development of new technologies such as aircraft turbulence detection, perception and multi-source data fusion, artificial intelligence, etc. This is expected to provide some useful and essential references for scholars and technical professionals in aviation operation, aircraft design, aviation meteorology, and other related fields.