Based on the C-band dual-polarization radar data from the Wutaishan Cloud Physics Experimental Base in Shanxi Province and the operational data of artificial rain enhancement, a fuzzy-logic hydrometeor classification algorithm was used to analyze the full-stage microphysical characteristics of a ground-based rocket rain enhancement operation during a mixed rain event on 22 May 2025. The results show that after the seeding of silver iodide (AgI) ice nuclei, ice crystal nuclei formed through heterogeneous nucleation, and the growth of ice-phase particles was promoted through the Bergeron process and collision-coalescence process. During the main impact stage of rain enhancement, ice crystals and wet snow particles showed an inverse relationship in number variation. Snow aggregate particles were mainly produced by the collisional growth of ice crystals, accounting for 38.9% of the total number and becoming the dominant ice-phase hydrometeors, while high-density graupel accounted for only 3.19%. Wet snow particles were mainly derived from aggregate particles above the 0degrees Celsius level, and their generation region was located at 3.6-4.1 km altitude. They were also an important source of the bright band near the 0degrees Celsius level. Based on the differences before and after AgI entered the cloud, a three-stage conceptual model of cloud microphysical evolution was established, including AgI ice nuclei seeded at the supercooled water accumulation zone, ice formation and aggregation growth, and mixed-phase transition near the 0degrees Celsius level with the formation of raindrop.