ISSN 1000-0526
CN 11-2282/P
CN 11-2282/P
Surface Raindrop Spectral Characteristics of Isolated and Squall-Line Hailstorms in Southeastern Coastal China
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Abstract:
The complex topography of the hilly and mountainous regions in Fujian Province gives rise to diverse hail cloud structures, notably isolated convective cells and squall lines. This study addresses the lack of comparative research on the microphysical characteristics of these two types of hail-bearing convection. Based on a persistent severe convective event that occurred in March 2023 over the hilly terrain of southeastern coastal China, S-band dual-polarization radar data and surface precipitation particle spectra observations are employed to comparatively analyze the ground-based spectral characteristics of precipitation particles associated with isolated cells and squall-line systems.The results show that isolated convection during the concentrated hailfall stage exhibits larger particle sizes, more complex spectral structures, more pronounced fluctuations in total particle number concentration, and greater dispersion in the velocity–size spectra, indicating more vigorous ice-phase microphysical processes. In contrast, squall-line convection is characterized by high-density hail, a relatively high concentration of small raindrops, and simpler spectral structures. For both convective types, the peak in precipitation particle concentration appears near the front side of the cloud system in the heavy rainfall region following the main hailfall stage, accompanied by a narrowing of the spectral width and a reduction in large particles. The precipitation process is further divided into four distinct stages, each exhibiting markedly different spectral characteristics.These findings enhance the understanding of the microphysical processes of isolated and squall-line hail clouds and provide scientific support for short-term nowcasting and hail suppression operations.
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