ISSN 1000-0526
CN 11-2282/P
CN 11-2282/P
Tornadoes of China in 2024
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Abstract:
Basic characteristics of tornadoes in China during 2024 were presented primarily based on an integrated analysis of multi-source data and on-site ground damage surveys. Despite potential underestimation arising from observational limitations and the inherently stochastic nature of public reports, a total of 78 tornadoes and 40 waterspouts were identified. Tornadoes were primarily concentrated in Northeast China, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Huang-Huai area, and the Pearl River Delta. Most occurred between June and September, with July being the most active month and a diurnal peak in the afternoon. The intensities of 51 tornadoes were assessed based on damage surveys, including 12 rated EF0, 26 EF1, 9 EF2, and 4 EF3. Waterspouts were primarily observed along the southern coast and over Bohai Bay, with peak occurrence in August and a pronounced diurnal maximum around 0600 Beijing time. The year 2024 was characterized by a high frequency of tornado outbreaks, with 4 major events accounting for 44% of the annual total tornado occurrences. Notably, a tornado outbreak associated with an upper-level trough occurred in Shandong Province on 5 July, making it the province with the highest tornado occurrence that year. Under the influence of the strong 2023 winter El Ni?o event, convective available potential energy in southern China in spring 2024 was significantly higher than the climatological mean. Supported by this favorable thermodynamic environment, 67% of Guangdong"s tornadoes occurred from late March to late April, reflecting an unusually high early-spring concentration. Additionally, a societal high-impact nocturnal severe weather event in Nanchang underscores the persistent difficulties in identifying and confirming nighttime tornadoes.
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