The atmospheric attenuation characteristics of the FY-3 precipitation measurement radar external calibration test field were analyzed based on sounding data from the National High Altitude Meteorological Observatory in Xilinhot throughout 2023. A quick method for estimating atmospheric attenuation has been established by exploring the relationship between total precipitation water and attenuation. The results indicate that the annual variation of oxygen attenuation is very small, while water vapor attenuation has obvious seasonal characteristics. In addition, the attenuation of water vapor is closely related to the total amount of water vapor. The attenuation of water vapor in Ku-band is numerically equivalent to approximately 1/250 of the total amount of water vapor, and the attenuation of water vapor in Ka-band is approximately 4 times that of the Ku-band. Moreover, there is good consistency between the attenuation estimated by the quick method and the attenuation calculated by the normal method, which indicates that the quick method is reasonable and feasible. The calculation and analysis of atmospheric attenuation could lay a foundation for the smooth implementation of precipitation radar external calibration experiments.