Observational researches of aerosols and cloud microphysics have been carried out by means of aircraft carrying cloud physics detection instruments for many years in Hebei Province, China. A series of research results have been obtained and published in the fields of aerosols, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), clouds and precipitation macro and micro structure characteristics, especially some weather modification catalytic experiments by aircraft. In this paper, the research progresses of aerosols and cloud precipitation physical observations over Hebei Province in the recent 20 years are systematically summarized. The microphysical characteristics of aerosols, CCN and clouds, such as vertical structure, spatial distribution and seasonal variation, are summarized. Four observation field campaigns for aircraft precipitation enhancement operation and the effect test are introduced in detail. The physical evidence of macro and micro physical characteristic changes in the supercooled water area before and after cloud catalysis is objectively demonstrated. In addition, the future development direction is put forward on the basis of summarizing a large number of research results, with some suggestions for aerosol-cloud physical aircraft observation and weather modification activities through aircraft catalysis in North China.