On December 28, 2022, multiple vehicle collisions occurred at the Zhengzhou-Xinxiang Yellow River Bridge due to heavy fog. Using ERA5 reanalysis and ground observation data, the "Anomaly-based synoptic analysis" was used to diagnose and analyze the heavy fog episode. It was found that: (1) the heavy fog weather has the characteristics of strong local suddenness, low visibility, and significant nighttime cooling; The low visibility caused by heavy fog, as well as the ice and slippery bridge deck caused by high humidity and low temperature, are the meteorological reasons for rear end vehicle accidents. (2) The weather situation is stable, with weak cold air at the bottom and warm ridges in the southwest transporting warm and humid airflow in the foggy area, and the circulation pattern is favorable for the generation of fog. (3) The water vapor flux near the Bridge is high, with weak water vapor convergence and a shallow inversion layer. The radiation cooling effect is strong, providing favorable thermal, dynamic, and stratification conditions for the occurrence and persistence of radiation fog. (4) The disturbance signals of meteorological elements can better reflect the predictable signals of heavy fog compared to signals based on the entire field. The comprehensive analysis of multiple disturbance factors can determine the dissipation time of fog.