In 2023, the global mean temperature was about 1.45℃(±0.12℃) above pre-industrial level, making it the warmest year on record. Global sea level continued to rise, and the global mean sea levels reached the highest level since satellite records began from 1993, reflecting the persistent ocean warming and the melting glaciers and ice sheets. The Arctic sea ice extent remained well below normal values, and the Antarctic sea ice extent hit a record low. Pakistan, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China, Italy, northern coastal areas of Sao Paulo State of Brazil, North Island of New Zealand and other places suffered from torrential rains and floods. Severe droughts occurred in north-western Africa, Yunnan Province of China, central American and northern South America. Record-breaking heat waves hit southern Europe, North America, South America, East Asia and South Asia. Europe and North America experienced cold snaps and blizzards. Severe convective weather frequently stroke here and there on the globe, and tropical cyclones were frequently active around the world.