Beijing Daxing International Airport, as a super large international hub with huge throughput, has a large amount of aircraft exhaust emissions， which can impact the atmospheric environment around the airport greatly, and should not be ignored. In order to study the impact of aircraft exhaust emissions on the atmospheric environment under adverse meteorological conditions, the adverse meteorological conditions period in 2020 is selected based on the Beijing air quality data. According to the projected basic data of the 2025 planning of Daxing International Airport, the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) is used to establish the list of exhaust emission sources of the airport and simulate the diffusion of air pollution. The results of pollution analysis show that there are meteorological characteristics such as light calm wind, high humidity and strong grounding temperature inversion with thin thickness during adverse meteorological conditions. Beijing has experienced heavy pollution processes, accompanied by the low visibility. Under the influence of adverse meteorological conditions, the parameters such as friction velocity and mixing layer height are at a lower level, indicating that the diffusion conditions of air pollution are poor. The model prediction results show that aircraft exhaust would have a great impact on the surrounding environment, and the ground concentration of pollutants might have the time distribution law of low in the daytime but high at night. Such characteristics of pollution meteorology and aircraft emission concentration distribution under adverse meteorological conditions could provide some references for the research on airport air pollution control measures.