Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044; Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Centre, CMA, Beijing 100081; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082; Tianjin Meteorological Service, Tianjin 300074