Using the whole year’s sun-sky radiometer CE318 data in 2017 observed by National Climatology Observatory in Shouxian County set by China Meteorological Administration, the aerosol optical and microphysical characteristics in the local area were analyzed. The results show as follows. The aerosol optical depth is the highest in spring, similarly lowest in summer and autumn, and in winter it is between them. AE data are concentrated in the range of 0.9-1.5, mainly in the form of fine mode particles. The aerosol volume size distributions in four seasons are basically similar, and there are both fine and coarse mode particles. The real part of the refraction index of aerosol in summer is the smallest, indicating that the water vapor content in summer is the largest, and the real part has no obvious relation with the wavelength, while the imaginary part has. The single scattering albedo is above 80%, and the scattering effect of aerosol is obvious. Non-spherical particles dominate and are most abundant in spring. These findings have great significance for mastering aerosols characteristics, for researching the atmospheric radiation, climate change and air quality monitoring, and for improving the calculation accuracy of atmospheric radiation transfer model in specific regions in central part of Huaihe River Basin.