Based on surface meteorological observations and yield data of winter wheat at 103 stations in Henan Province from 1971 to 2014, the characteristics of winter wheat drought damage were analyzed. Besides, the drought condition at jointing-heading stage, which has a serious effect on yield was selected as a meteorological disaster type of the model design of the weather index insurance and the disaster risk assessment was carried out. Negative anomaly percentage of precipitation was defined as drought index of winter wheat and the model that described the relationship between drought index and yield reduction was also established using 173 groups of typical disaster samples. On this basis, the weather index insurance product of winter wheat drought damage was developed and the premium rates of different regions were revised based on the results of the drought risk assessment. The results showed that the level of winter wheat drought increases from the southwestern part to the northeastern part in Henan Province. During the jointing-heading stage, the highest risk was found in the northern part, followed by the northwestern, eastern and central parts, and the risk of the southwestern and the southern parts is relatively lower. Based on the drought index model and the analysis of historical payments, negative anomaly percentage of precipitation of 60% was considered as the payment trigger value, and the payment standards of different levels of drought weather index were determined. Considering the results of the drought risk assessment, the revised premium rates of different regions in Henan are 9.2%-11.2%, and corresponding premiums of unit area are 29.8-36.3 Yuan·mu-1.