Based on the synoptic environment analysis of 15 thunderstorm cases in the area of Dongting Lake from 2013 to 2015, the weather situation can be divided into the following categories: lowlevel warm advection forcing category, baroclinic frontogenesis category, quasibarotropic category and upper cold advection forcing category. According to the strength of cold advection in the north of lowlevel shear line, the lowlevel warm advection forcing category can also be classified into strong cold and warm advection forcing, strong warm advection forcing and middle category. Summarizing the synoptic situation configuration characteristics of thunderstorms in different stages, the radar echo characteristics and the forecast focus could offer references for shortrange, shorttime and nowcasting weather forecasts.