Continuous observation was made with the help of ceilometers on the sanddust weather processes in Beijing in the spring of 2015. By using the observation data and the conventional ground meteorological elements, visibility and the changes of PM10 particulate mass concentration, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of aerosol backscatter coefficients in the three weather phenomena of floating dust, blowing sand and dust storm during the two sanddust weather processes. In addition, the paper conducts the correlation analysis on the backscatter coefficient of ceilometers and the PM10 particulate mass concentration as well. The results indicate that ceilometers have the ability of monitoring the vertical distribution of aerosol particles. During the process of blowing sand and dust storm, backscatter coefficient decreases with the increase of height. What’s more, the correlation coefficients between the backscatter coefficient and PM10 particulate mass concentration at the height of 10 m, 50 m and 100 m are all above 0.82.