Based on the animal experiments, the influence mechanism of cold wave on hypertension was discussed in this paper. The cold wave models were established by statistical downscaling method, and the cold wave processes were simulated in the meteorological environment simulation chamber (TEM1880). At the same time, the SHR and Wister rats were put into simulation chambers divided into low temperature group and return temperature group and subjected to the progresses of cold wave respectively. The following indexes were measured on experimental rats in batches in accordance with the process of cold wave process that occurred in different times: systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), weight, epinephrine (EPI), angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) and whole blood viscosity (WBV). The results are as follows: compared with the control group, SBP, HR, EPI, AngⅡ and WBV of the experimental group subjected to cold wave are higher. Except HR, the other physiological indexes of SHR group are more sensitive than the ones of Wister group. The indexes of low temperature group are higher than return temperature group except EPI and WBV. Cold waves can elevate HR, EPI, AngⅡ and WBV which lead to a higher SBP so that it has a great impact on hypertension.