The Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology under the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) launched a scientific experiment with the radar wind profiler at the Tazhong Station—an experimental site for atmospheric environment observations in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert in July-October 2010. This study uses high temporal resolution data from the experiment to analyze the turbulence development of boundary layer, vertical velocity and atmospheric virtual temperature of typical clearair day. The results show that: (1) The turbulence refractive index structure constant (C2n) can reflect in detail the development of turbulence, and the height of turbulence development bloom area in summer days may be reached at 4000 m. (2) RASS system has good credibility for atmospheric virtual temperature detection, and its near boundary layer is generally in line with the daily temperature variation. (3) The clearair days in Taklimakan Desert are mainly controlled by east and northeast winds, the wind speed is relatively small and changes within 2.0-6.0 m·s-1. The atmospheric vertical velocity change of the desert hinterland fits in with the static equilibrium theory, the vertical velocity is very weak, generally in the -1.0 to 1.0 m·s-1 range fluctuations.