The following are the main characteristics of the general circulation of atmosphere and weather over  China in January 2012. There were two polar vortex centers in the Northern Hemisphere, which were respectively located to the north in Canada and the eastnortheast in Asia. The circulation presents meridional patterns in middlehigh latitudes. The East Asia major trough is stronger than the trough in average condition, and the average south branch trough is located at 80°E nearby and stronger than the normal years. The average temperature (-7.2℃) is 1.7℃ lower than and the average precipitation(16.8 mm) is 3.9 mm more than the same period of normal years in January 2012. There were two clod air processes and four rainfall processes in the month. The extreme low temperature event occurred in Xinjiang and InnerMongolia, etc. A largescale persisting overcast and rainy (snowy) weather happened in the southern China.