Based on the 62 meteorological stations’ precipitation data of spring in Shanxi Province from 1961 to 2008, and the contemporaneous NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data, the different characteristics of water vapor transport between the typical drought and wet years of spring in Shanxi are analyzed by using composite analysis methods. The research shows that in the typical drought years of spring, the water vapor transport of the subtropical west wind over the south side of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and that of SW wind in the south areas of the Yangtze River which comes from the turning of west wind vapor over the south side of TP are weakened, and so does the westerly vapor transport over the north side of TP, while the west wind vapor transport over the north side of the subtropical high in the West Pacific is strengthened remarkably, and the south wind vapor transport over the west side of the subtropical high is weakened, thus the southwest wind vapor transport from the south areas of the Yangtze River to North China is weakened, the north wind vapor transport in Shanxi is strengthened; Meanwhile， the vapor flux divergence is strengthened over the Yangtze River and the Yellow River Reaches in eastern China and its east coastal areas, while the vapor flux convergence is strengthened over southen China and its coast areas; and vice versa in typical wet years of spring in Shanxi Province. The order of the decrease of west wind vapor flux is equivalent to that of the increase of north wind vapor flux in the typical drought years of spring in Shanxi area, while in the typical wet years of spring, the order of the increase of south wind vapor flux is greater obviously than that of the increase of the west wind vapor flux in Shanxi area.