By virtue of the daily surface temperature data at 753 stations from the National Climate Center in China during 1957 to 2007, the 51 stations within the area of 27.5°-32.5°N, 112°-123°E are selected for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, and the characteristics of the similar cold wave frequency in the area are analyzed. The main conclusions reached are that the frequency in the area is reducing due to the global warming. From decadal changes, the frequency of the similar cold wave is gradually reduced in 1960s-1980s of the twentieth century and slightly increased in the 1990s. Abrupt change occurs around 1973. Cyclic changes of the 5a signal and the 14a signal are the main in the area and months are March and November each year, in which the highest frequency of the similar cold wave occurred. However, there are interannual differences for these changes. And the greatest different regions are in the southern Anhui, northern Jiangxi and western Zhejiang.