With the view of comprehensive understanding of the systematic difference in aircraft and radiosonde temperatures, the paper checks the quality of Chinese aircraft temperature data from January 2006 to December 2009 by use of the quality control method, which consists of four steps: metadata check, validity check, temporal consistency check, and spatial consistency check basing background field of T213 model of National Meteorological Information Center. Statistical method is used to do a comparative analysis between aircraft and radiosonde temperatures in China from January 2006 to December 2009. The analysis content about difference in aircraft and radiosonde temperatures includes the following: frequency of bias, the vertical distribution of bias, the relation of flight level and bias, the relation of flight phase and bias, the difference of bias observed by different type of aircraft, and monthly value difference of aircraft and radiosonde temperature. The data used to analyze are distributed in seventy large and medium cities of the eastcentral China. The statistical result shows that, the frequency of difference is an approximate symmetrical curve. The maximumfrequency of difference is from -0.5 ℃ to 0.5 ℃. The 64% of difference value is in the range from -1 ℃ to 1 ℃. Relative to radiosonde temperature, aircraft temperature is obviously lower on 1000 hPa. The difference from 925 hPa to 700 hPa is smaller. Aircraft temperature is higher than radiosonde temperature on 500 hPa and above level, and the difference has a gradual increase with height. The difference of aircraft and radiosonde temperatures relies on flight phase. From 925 hPa to 700 hPa, aircraft temperature observed in ascent phase is lower than radiosonde, but aircraft temperature observed in descent phase and level flight phase is quite the contrary. On 500 hPa and above level, aircraft temperatue observed in level flight phase is closest to radiosonde. Most aircraft temperature data in China is observerd by B737800 aircraft and B737700 aircraft. From January 2006 to December 2009, the propotion of data observed by B737800 aircraft is about 83.3 percent, and the propotion of data observed by B737700 aircraft is about 7.1 percent. Temperature difference between B737700 aircraft and radiosonde is larger than temperature difference between B737800 aircraft and radiosonde. There is no significant difference between monthly temperature calculated by aircraft temperature on Beijing Capital Airport and radiosonde monthly temperature. Almost all the difference values of monthly temperature are from -1 ℃ to 0.5 ℃.