This article first analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of abnormal summer temperature in Shanxi Province. And it explores the factors in the previous and concurrent periods that result in the summer temperature anomalies by using NCEP to analyze the data of the temperature of the northern Pacific.The results show that: it is not obvious in the changes of summer temperature in Shanxi Province over the past 46 years, whose rising trend is only 0.04 ℃ per 10 years, but the decadal variation is obvious. It was the Warmer Period in the 1960s and the mid1970s, while it was the Cooler Period in the late 1970s and 1980s, and it turned to the Warmer Period in the late 1990s. There are great differences in the trend of the summer temperature changes in Shanxi. The trend in the northern and central parts is warmer and warmer, while that in most of the southern part is cooler and cooler. The circulating airflow differences are significant between hot and cool summer in the previous and concurrent periods. The critical systems that influence the summer temperature anomalies in Shanxi Province are the polar vortex,the blocking high in the high latitude region and the subtropical high. The La Nina event in prewinter and spring may be a precursor of the summer temperature anomalies in Shanxi.