By using the micrometeorology data and conventional observation data f rom the Taklimakan desert atmospheric environment observation station on 13～31 August 2006, and choosing the case of typical clear day and sand day, the microc limate characteristic and ground surface energy balance of two different weather conditions in Taklimakan desert hinterland were comparatively analyzed with Bow en Ratio Heat Budget Method. The results show that there has a obvious differenc e in microclimate characteristic and ground surface energy balance between clear day and sand day. The diurnal variation in air temperature，humidity and sand l ayer temperature on clear day was larger than that on sand day. The temperature inversion occurred near the surface layer at night of clear day, the temperature increasing with the height within certain altitude range. However, it presented isothermal during the night of sand day, the temperature changed little with in creasing height. Desert hinterland surface heat equilibrium was influenced great ly by sand weather. The global radiation, reflected radiation, net radiation and sensible heat flux of sand day were obviously smaller than those of clear day. But the atmosphere down long wave radiation was larger than clear day. No matter how for sand day or clear day, the latent heat variation difference was very sm all.