On the basis of the summer rainfall data of six stations in eastern Xi njiang from 1961 to 2000, NCEP/NCAR 6h reanalysis data and routine observed dat a, the synoptic and climatic features of the summer heavy rainfall in eastern Xi njiang, along with the circulation patterns, influencing weather systems and the ir forming mechanism, were investigated, and the physical concept model of the t ypical case was established, and some premonitory signs for the genesis of heavy rainfall were presented.