Several major weather cases are investigated in terms of thermodynamics and dynamics using the domestic AMDAR(Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay)data. The main results are as follows: (1) The spatial-temporal variable characteristics of the meteorological elements around the airports can be continuously monitored by means of AMDAR data with high spatial-temporal resolution, which is obtained when airplanes are taking off and landing over airports, combined with the other meteorological observations, from which the meso-scale weather systems causing severe convective weathers such as hail can be found, but it is difficult to find from the conventional observations. (2) The AMDAR data are more valuable than those of conventional ones in analyzing and predicting the stable weather (heavy fog). (3) The AMDAR data not only can provide fine indications for now-casting and very short-range forecasting, but also can improve the understandings and predictabilities for the catastrophic weathers in some extents.