The data set of the temperature and precipitation last 100 years in China are introduced, for example, the handling principle of the data set and special data, stock form and so on. This data set contains mean monthly temperature, mean monthly maxmum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature and monthly precipitation at 725 meteorological stations. It is Beijing station that has the most early records, which start from January 1841. It is Shanghai Longhua which has the longest and continuous record, the record are from January 1873 to December 2001. This data set′s end time is December 2001.